Subtitle:

Przegląd Geograficzny T. 94 z. 4 (2022)

Publisher:

IGiPZ PAN

Place of publishing:

Warszawa

Description:

24 cm

Abstract:

The work attempts to identify aims and principles of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), in regard to the issues of forest degradation and protection. The procedure followed here assumed two chief directions as it analysed forest degradation (including deforestation) and investigated the theoretical bases underpinning the restoration of forest ecosystems. Also incorporated was a review of relevant global environmental policies, along with remarks as to what has been achieved in this field in practical terms. The study thus highlights key dimensions to the degradation of natural ecosystems, where these concern the counteraction of further deterioration of forests, given the aspects relating to policy on global biodiversity, the protection of land and climate protection. While ecological aspects of forest restoration are naturally a main focus, the spirit of the UN’s Decade has been borne in mind, with the socio-economic and cultural merits of activities undertaken also incorporated into the examination. The work thus demonstrates the main goals, strategies and directions where the restoration of forest ecosystems is concerned, also pointing out exemplary large-scale projects and initiatives. The research has also taken in what may be seen as a leading direction within forest restoration, i.e. Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR). The study likewise accentuates the importance of tropical forests in any global pro-ecological agenda, while also emphasising the requirement for a complex approach to be taken to ecosystem restoration, and for natural ecosystems to gain protection and be reinforced as regards their resilience.

References:

Besseau, P., Graham, S., & Christopherson, T. (red.). (2018). Restoring forests and landscapes: the key to a sustainable future. Vienna: IUFRO and Global Partnership on Forest and Landscape Restoration.
Bonn Challenge. (2021). The Bonn Challenge. Pobrano z: https://www.bonnchallenge.org (12.05.2021).
Bradshaw, C.J.A., Ehrlich, P.R., Beattie, A., Ceballos, G., Crist, E., Diamond, J., Dirzo, R., Ehrlich, A.H., Harte, J., Harte, M.E., Pyke, G., Raven, P.H., Ripple, W.J., Saltré, F., Turnbull, C., Wackernagel, M., & Blumstein, D.T. (2021). Underestimating the challenges of avoiding a ghastly future. Frontiers in Conservation Science, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419
Castro, J., Morales‐Rueda, F., Navarro, F.B., Löf, M., Vacchiano, G., & Alcaraz‐Segura, D. (2021). Precision restoration: a necessary approach to foster forest recovery in the 21st century. Restoration Ecology, 29(7), e13421. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13421
CBD. (2020). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5 (GBO 5). Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
César, R.G., Belei, L., Badari, C.G., Viani, R.A.G., Gutierrez, V., Chazdon, R.L., Brancalion, P.H.S., & Morsello, C. (2020). Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review Emphasizing Principles, Concepts, and Practices. Land, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010028
Chazdon, R.L. (2008). Beyond reforestation: Restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands. Science, 320, 1458‑1460. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155365
Chazdon, R.L., & Guariguata, M.R. (2016). Natural regeneration as a tool for large-scale forest restoration in the tropics: prospects and challenges. BioTropica, 48(6), 716‑730. https://doi.org/10.3417/2016035
Chazdon, R.L., & Uriarte, M. (2016). Natural regeneration in the context of large-scale forest and landscape restoration in the tropics. BioTropica, 48(6), 915‑924. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12409
Curtis, P.G., Slay, C.M., Harris, N.L., Tyukavina, A., & Hansen, M.C. (2018). Classifying drivers of global forest loss. Science, 361, 1108‑1111. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau3445
Da Cruz Benayas, J.M.R., Costa Fereira, G., Ribeiro Santos, S., & Schwartz, G. (2019). An overview of forest loss and restoration in the Brazilian Amazon. New Forests, 52, 1‑16. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1007/s11056-020-09777-3
EC. (2020). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030: Bringing Nature back to our lives, 2020, COM(2020) 380. Brussels: The European Commission.
EC. (2021). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, New EU Forest Strategy for 2030, 2021, COM (2021)572. Brussels: The European Commission.
EC. (2022). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on nature restoration, COM (2022)304, 2022/0195. Brussels: The European Commission.
Fa, J.E., Watson, J.E., Leiper, I., Potapov, P., Evans, T.D., Burgess, N.D., Molnár, Z., Fernández‐Llamazares, Á., Duncan, T., Wang, S., Austin, B.J., Jonas, H., Robinson, C.J., Malmer, P., Zander, K.K., Jackson, M.V., Ellis, E., Brondizio, E.S., & Garnett, S.T. (2020). Importance of Indigenous Peoples' lands for the conservation of Intact Forest Landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 18(3), 135‑140. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2148
FAO & UNEP. (2020). The State of the World's Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people. Rome: FAO.
FAO, IUCN CEM & SER..(2021). Principles for ecosystem restoration to guide the United Nations Decade 2021‑2030. Rome: FAO.
FAO. (2015). Global Forest Resource Assessment 2015. Main Report. Rome: FAO.
FAO. (2016). The State of the World's Forests 2016. Forest and agriculture: land-use challenges and opportunities. Rome: FAO.
FAO. (2018). The State of the World's Forests 2018. Forest pathways to sustainable development. Rome: FAO.
FAO. (2020). Global Forest Resource Assessment 2020. Main Report. Rome: FAO.
Gann, G.D., Mc Donald, T., Walder, B., Aronson, J., Nelson, C.R., Jonson, J., Hallett, J.G., Eisenberg, C., Guarigata, M.R., Lin, J., Hua, F., Echeverría, C.M., Gonzales, E., Shaw, N., Decker, K., & Dixon, K.W. (2019). International principles and standards for the practice of ecological restoration (2nd ed.). Washington: Society for Ecological Restoration.
Gann, G.D., & Lamb, D. (red.) (2006). Ecological restoration: A mean of conserving biodiversity and sustaining livelihoods. Tucson, USA: Society for Ecological Restoration International and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
GFS. (2021). Protect faster. Restore stronger. Manage better. Paris: Global Forest Summit. Pobrano z: https://www.globalforestsummit.org/(10.04.2022).
GFW. (2021). Global annual tree cover loss, Global annual tree cover loss by dominant driver. Pobrano z: https://www.data.globalforestwatch.org/search/collection_datasets (03.09.2021).
GFW. (2021). Global deforestation rates and statistics. Pobrano z: https://www.globalforestwatch. org/dashboards/global/category=forest-change&location (03.09.2021).
Goffner, D., Sinare, H., & Gordon, L.J. (2019). The Great Green Wall for the Sahara and Sahel Initiative as an opportunity to enhance resilience in Sahelian landscapes and livelihoods. Regional Environmental Change, 19, 1417‑1428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01545-0
Goldman, E, Weisse, M.J., Harris, N., & Schneider, M. (2020). Estimating the role of seven commodities in agriculture-linked deforestation: Oil Palm, Soy, Cattle, Wood Fiber, Cocoa, Coffee, and Rubber. World Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.46830/writn.na.00001
Government of Canada. (2022). 2 Billion Trees Program. Pobrano z: https://www.canada.ca/en/campaign/2-billion-trees.html (24.05.2022).
Great Green Wall. (2022). The Great Green Wall Ambition. Pobrano z: https://www.greatgreenwall.org/2030/ambition/(15.03.2022).
Green Global Travel. (2022). Ecotourism in Costa Rica. Pobrano z: https://greenglobaltravel.com/ecotourism-in-costa-rica (10.03.2022).
Hansen, M.C., Potapov, P.V., Moore, R., Hancher, M., Turubanova, S.A, Tyukavina, A., Thau, D., Stehman, S.V., Goetz, S.J., Loveland, T.R., Kommareddy, A., Egorov, A., Chini, L., Justice, C.O., & Townshend, J.R.G. (2013). High-resolution global maps of 21st century forest cover change. Science, 342(6160), 850‑853. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.124469
Hanson, C., Buckingham, K., Dewitt, S., & Laestedius, L. (2015). The Restoration Diagnostics. Washington: World Resource Institute, IUCN.
Hobbs, R.J., Higgs, E., Hall, C.M., Bridgewater, P., Stuart Chapin III, F., & Ellis, E. (2014). Managing the whole landscape: historical, hybrid and novel ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 12(10), 557‑564. https://doi.org/10.1890/130300
IPBES. (2018). The IPBES assessment report on land degradation and restoration. L. Montanarella, R. Scholes & A. Brainich (red.). Bonn: Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237392
IPBES. (2019). The global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services: Summary for policy makers. Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. S. Diaz, J. Settele, E. Brondízio, H. Ngo, M. Guèze, & et al. (red.). Bonn: IPBES secretariat. Pobrano z: https://ipbes.net/global-assessment (24.05.2022).
IPCC. (2019). Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, E. Calvo Buendia, V. Masson-Delmotte, H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, & et al. (red.). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Pobrano z: https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/(30.04.2022).
IUCN. (2014). Assessing forest landscape restoration opportunities at the national level. Working Paper. Switzerland: IUCN.
IUCN. (2021). Restore our future, Bonn Challenge, Impact and potential of Forest Landscape Restoration. Germany: IUCN.
Janishevski, L., Santamaria, S., Gidda, S.B., Cooper, H.D., & Brancalion, P.H.S. (2015). Ecosystem restoration, protected areas and biodiversity conservation, Unasylva, 66(245), 19‑28. Pobrane z: https://esalqlastrop.com.br/img/publicacoes/CBD%20Unasylva.pdf (25.03.2022).
Kew Declaration on reforestation for biodiversity, carbon capture and livelihoods. (2022). Plants, People, Planet, 4(2), 108‑109. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10230
Laestedius, L., Buckingham, K., Maginnis, S. & Saint-Laurent, C. (2015). Before Bonn and beyond: the history and future of forest landscape restoration. Unasylva, 66(245), 11‑18.
Lamb, D., Stanturf, J.A, & Madsen, P. (2012). What is forest landscape restoration? W: J.A Stanturf, P. Madsen, & D. Lamb (red.). Forest landscape restoration (s. 3‑23). Dordrecht: Springer.
Lewis, S.L., Edwards, D.P., & Galbraith, D. (2015). Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. Science, 349(6250), 827‑832. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa9932
Maginnis, S. & Jackson, W. (2007). What is FLR and how does it differ from current approaches? W: J. Rietbergen-McCracken, J. Rietbergen-McCracken & A. Sarre (red.). The forest landscape restoration handbook (s. 5‑20). London: Earthscan.
Mansourian, S., & Vallauri, D. (2013.) Restoring forest landscapes: important lessons learnt. Environmental Management, 53, 241‑251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0213-7
Mc Dowell, N.G., Allen, C.D., Anderson-Teixeira, K. Aukema, B.A, Bond-Lamberty, B., Chini, L., Clark, S.C., Dietze, M., Grossiord, C., Hanbury-Brown, A., Hurtt, G.C., Jackson, R.B., Johnson, D.J., Kueppers, L., Lichstein, J.W., Ogle, K., Poulter, B., Pough, T.A.M., Seidl, R., Turner, M.G., Uriarte, M., Walker, A.P., & Xu C. (2020). Pervasive shifts in forest dynamics in a changing world. Science, 368(6494). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz946
NYDF Assessment Partners. (2019). Protecting and Restoring Forests: A Story of Large Commitments yet Limited Progress. New York Declaration on Forests Five-Year Assessment Report. Climate Focus (coordinator and editor). Pobrane z: https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019NYDFReport_ES_EN.pdf (05.04.2021).
NYDF Assessment Partners. (2020). Goal 1 Assessment: Striving to end natural forest loss. New York Declaration on Forests. Progress Assessment. Climate Focus (coordinator and editor). Pobrane z: https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2020NYDFGoal1.pdf (05.04.2021).
NYDF Assessment Partners. (2020). Goal 5 Assessment: Restoring degraded landscapes and forestlands. New York Declaration on Forests Progress Assessment. Climate Focus (coordinator and editor). Pobrane z: https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020NYD‑FGoal5.pdf (05.04.2021).
Pacheco, P., Mo, K., Dudley, N.,.Shapiro, A., Aguilar-Amuchastegui, N., Ling, P.Y., Anderson, C., & Marx, A. (2021). Deforestation fronts: drivers and responses in a changing world. Gland, Switzerland: WWF.
Peters, C.M. (2018). Managing the wild. Stories of people and plants and tropical forests. Yale: Yale University Press.
Potapov, P., Hansen, M.C., Laestedius, L. Turubanova, S., Yaroshenko, A., Thies, C., Smith, W., Zhuravleva, I., Komarova, A, Minnemeyer, S., & Esipova, E. (2017). The last frontiers of wilderness: Tracking loss of intact forest landscapes from 2000 to 2013. Science Advances, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600
Prokop, P. (2020). Degradacja powierzchni ziemi - zakres terminologiczny, metody oceny i perspektywy badań. Przegląd Geograficzny, 92(1), 5‑17. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2020.1.1
Rohr, J.R., Bernhardt, E.S., Cadotte, M.W., & Clements, W.H. (2018.) The ecology and economics of restoration: when, what, where, and how to restore ecosystems. Ecology and Society, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-09876-230215
Sabogal, C., Besacier, C., & McGuire, D. (2015). Forest and landscape restoration: concepts, approaches and challenges for implementation. Unasylva, 66(245), 3‑10.
SER. (2004). The SER International Primer on Ecological Restoration. Tucson, USA: Society for International Restoration International. Pobrane z: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.ser.org/resource/resmgr/custompages/publications/ser_publications/ser_primer.pdf (25.04.2022).
Sewell, A, van der Esch, S., & Löwenhardt, H. (2020). Goals and commitments for The Restoration Decade. The Hague: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Stanturf, J.A, & Mansourian, S. (2020). Forest landscape restoration: state of play. Royal Society Open Science, 7(12): 201218. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201218
Stanturf, J.A, Kleine, M., & Mansourian, S. (2019). Implementing forest landscape restoration under the Bonn Challenge: a systematic approach. Annals of Forest Science, 76:50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-019-0833-z
Stanturf, J.A, Palik, B.J., & Dumroese, R.K. (2014a). Contemporary forest restoration: A review emphasizing function. Forest Ecology and Management, 331, 292‑323. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2014.884004
Stanturf, J.A, Palik, B.J., Williams, M.I., & Madsen, P. (2014b). Forest Restoration Paradigms. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 33, 161‑194. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2014.884004
Trillion Trees. (2022). Why trillion trees. Pobrano z: https://trilliontrees.org/why-trillion-trees/ (10.03.2022).
Turner, M.G., & Gardner, R.H. (2015). Landscape ecology in theory and practice. New York: Springer.
Turubanova, S., Potapov, P.V., Tyukavina, A, & Hansen, M.C. (2018). Ongoing primary forest loss in Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Indonesia. Environmental Research Letters, 13: 074028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aacd1c
UN Climate Change Conference UK. (2021). Glasgow Leaders' Declaration on Forests and Land Use. Pobrano z: www.ukcop26.org/glasgow-leaders-declaration-on-forests-and-land-use (05.07.2022).
UN Climate Summit. (2014). New York Declaration on Forests: Declaration and Action Agenda. New York: United Nations.
UN Decade. (2021). UN Decade on Restoration. Pobrano z: https://www.decadeonrestoration.org (15.06.2021).
UN. (1992). Convention on Biological Diversity. Rio de Janeiro: United Nations.
UN. (2011). Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011‑2020 and the Aichi Targets. Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations.
UN. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolution 70/1 adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015; E/Res/70/1.
UN. (2017). United Nations Strategic plan for forests 2017‑2030 and quadrennial programme of work of the UN Forum on Forests for the period 2017‑2020. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 April 2017, A/Res/71/285.
UN. (2019). United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021‑2030). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 1 March 2019, A/Res/73/284.
UN. (2019). World Population Prospects. Pobrane z: www.population.un.org/wpp (20.04.2022).
UN. (2019). Sustainable Development Goals Report. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations.
UN. (2020). Sustainable Development Goals Report Department of Economic and Social Affairs. New York: United Nations.
UNCCD. (1994). United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa. Paris: United Nations.
UNCCD. (2012). Zero Net Land Degradation - A Sustainable Development Goal for Rio+20: To secure the contribution of our planet's land and soil to sustainable development, including food security and poverty eradication. Bonn: United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
UNEP, & FAO. (2020). Strategy for the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021‑2030. United Nations Environment Program and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Pobrane z: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/31813/ERD‑Strat.pdf (12.03.2021).
UNEP. (2021). Becoming Generation Restoration. Ecosystem restoration for people, nature and climate. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
UNFCCC. (1992). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York.
UNFCCC. (2015). Adoption of the Paris Agreement, Articles 5 & 6, 21st Conference of the Parties. Paris: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
UNFI. (2018). UN Forum on Forests Secretariat. New York: United Nations Forum Instrument.
WRI. (2021). Forest Pulse: The latest on the World's Forests. Pobrano z: https://research.wri.org/gfr/latest-analysis-deforestation-trends (20.07.2021).
WWF. (2015). Living Forests Report Chapter 5: Saving Forests at Risk. R. Taylor (red.). Gland, Switzerland: WWF. Pobrane z: https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/living-forests-report-chapter-5-saving-forests-at-risk (23.04.2022).
WWF. (2016). Living Planet Report-2016. Risk and resilience in a new era. Gland, Switzerland: WWW International. Pobrane z: https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/? 282370/Living%2DPlanet%2DReport%2D2016 (20.05.2022).
WWF. (2018). Living Planet Report- 2018. Aiming higher. M. Grooten, & R.E.A. Almond (red.). Gland, Switzerland: WWF. Pobrane z: https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/living-planet-report-2018 (23.04.2022).

Relation:

Przegląd Geograficzny

Volume:

94

Issue:

4

Start page:

471

End page:

501

Detailed Resource Type:

Article

Format:

application/octet-stream

Resource Identifier:

oai:rcin.org.pl:237294 ; doi:10.7163/PrzG.2022.4.4 ; 0033-2143 (print) ; 2300-8466 (on-line) ; 10.7163/PrzG.2022.4.4

Source:

CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, sygn.: Cz.181, Cz.3136, Cz.4187 ; click here to follow the link

Language:

pol

Language of abstract:

eng

Rights:

Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license

Terms of use:

Copyright-protected material. [CC BY 4.0] May be used within the scope specified in Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license, full text available at: ; -

Digitizing institution:

Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Original in:

Central Library of Geography and Environmental Protection. Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization PAS

Projects co-financed by:

Programme Innovative Economy, 2010-2014, Priority Axis 2. R&D infrastructure ; European Union. European Regional Development Fund

Access:

Open