Color connotations in free word association tests over fifty years. A comparative study

Gatkowska, Izabela

doi:10.17651/POLON.40.4

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Title: Color connotations in free word association tests over fifty years. A comparative study

Abstract:

The article presents an analysis of lexical data obtained by a free word association experiment in two studiesseparated by 50 years (Kurcz 1967, Gatkowska 2017: 1000 and 900 subjects respectively). Comparativeanalysis was used to analyze the names of colors (white, yellow, black, red, blue and green) and their experimentalconnotations. The gap of 50 years revealed the stability of meanings (semantic connotations) resultingfrom the fact that a given color is an inherent feature (e.g. white - snow), as well as stability of conventions(e.g. white - purity, innocence) and the simultaneous variability of extra-linguistic facts, e.g. thenumerous lexical connotations of red in the Kurcz study, motivated by the political situation of Poland at thetime, that are not present in the contemporary experiment, or new color connotations ( e.g. black - elegant,green - money). In both experiments one can see the use of metonymy to connect a color name and a person.

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