Rola materii allochtonicznej w jeziorach

Pieczyńska, Ewa

doi:ISSN 0013-2969

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Title: Rola materii allochtonicznej w jeziorach

Abstract:

The paper discused the sources of allochthonous matter inflowing to the lakes: 1) river inflows, 2) underground inflows, 3) atmospheric precipitation, 4) products of surface erosion, 5) products of shore erosion, 6) litter fall, 7) domestic wastes and 8) industrial wastes. This matter provides both mineral and organic substances and reaches the lakes in different form -from a dissolved substance, through particles of detritus, to large parts of plants. The common feature of these kinds of matter is small accessibility as direct food for fauna, and therefore the microbiological processes are of great signifcance in their utilization. Essential, but very rarely taken into account complexion of the influence of allochthonous substance on lakes, is the variation of its inflow intensity in time and space. The situation in Mikołajskie Lake was discussed in the paper from this view point. Great variety of sources of allochthonous matter is the reason why in natural conditions, only in extreme cases (such as e.g. poisoning by excessive sewage inflow), a definite reaction of ecosystem to the inflow of allochthonous matter can be observed. Usually this problem can be estimated only in the most general way. Indicatory assessment of the influence of suroundings areas on the lakes basing on the dependences between the ferrtility of water body and the size and character of drainage basin are applied (Pata1as 1960, Ohle 1965, Schind1er 1971) or some indices of ecosystem change are used (Hooper 1969). In the majority of papers one chosen kind of allochthonous material is examined. In the case of lakes most frequently analysed are: the inflow of municipal and industrial sewage, mineral substances from the fields and the remains of near-shore plants. The concepts of ecological classification of lakes which takes into account the role of allochthonous matter (Aberg and Rodhe 1942, Elster 1963, Rodhe 1969, Olszewski 1971) were also discussed in the paper. Considering all aspects of the role of allochthonous matter in lakes, we may say, that lakes under the dominant influence of allochthonous matter (allotrophic lakes) both on the level of low and high productvity (allooligotrophic and allopolytrophic) are much more complicated systems than autotrophic ones. Simultaneously much less is known about them but they are becoming more frequent at the age of intensive agriculture, industry and urbanization. Therefore, we should intensify our research on the role of allochthonous matter in lakes.

References:

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