Subtitle:

Geographia Polonica Vol. 95 No. 3 (2022)

Publisher:

IGiPZ PAN

Place of publishing:

Warszawa

Description:

24 cm

Abstract:

Agriculture has been the major driver of deforestation in Europe in the last 1000 years. In the past, forests were also exploited for charcoal production; however, the spatial scale/extent of this activity and its impact are unknown. LIDAR data can be used as a noninvasive tool to investigate the small-scale diversity of the land relief, including forested areas. These data can reveal the extent anthropogenic modifications of topography present-day as well as in the past. One of the activities that can be analyzed based on LIDAR data is spatial distribution of charcoal production. A preliminary LIDAR data analysis indicated the intensity of this practice and its potential impact on the natural environment. This prompted us to analyze the environmental impact of charcoal hearths in northern Poland. As it turned out, this topic exceeded the scope of earth sciences and became a transdisciplinary one. In this work, we will use the research methods typical of biogeography, dendroecology, paleoecology, soil science, biology, botany, history, onomastics, as well as art history, in order to thoroughly understand not only the natural consequences but also the social and economic consequences of charcoal production. This paper presents the assumptions of our project, the research methodology, and the preliminary results. We have identified using LIDAR data more than 73 thousand relief forms which can be remnants of charcoal hearths. Our preliminary results confirmed large scale impact of past human activity related to charcoal production and suitability of the methods used for detecting and reconstructing charcoal hearths as well as determining the distribution and magnitude of past forest use for charcoal production in NW Poland.

References:

Augustyn, M. (2000). Wpływ produkcji potażu na stan lasów nad górnym Sanem i Solinką w XIX wieku. Roczniki Bieszczadzkie, 8, 325-332.
Baillie, M. G. L. (1982). Tree-ring dating and archaeology. London: Croom Helm. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315748689
Bartczak, A., Słowińska, S., Tyszkowski, S., Kramkowski, M., Kaczmarek, H., Kordowski, J., & Słowiński, M. (2019). Ecohydrological changes and resilience of a shallow lake ecosystem under intense human pressure and recent climate change. Water, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010032
Bartlett, R. (1993). The making of Europe: Conquest, colonization and cultural change, 950-1350. London: Allen Lane.
Birks, H., Felde, V. A., & Seddon, A. W. (2016). Biodiversity trends within the Holocene. The Holocene, 26(6), 994-1001. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683615622568
Blackbourn, D. (2007). The conquest of nature: Water, landscape and the making of modern Germany. London: Pimlico.
Bonhage, A., Hirsch, F., Schneider, A., Raab, A., Raab, T., & Donovan, S. (2020). Long term anthropogenic enrichment of soil organic matter stocks in forest soils - Detecting a legacy of historical charcoal production. Forest Ecology and Management, 459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117814
Bonk, A., Słowiński, M., Żarczyński, M., Oliński, P., Kupryjanowicz, M., Fiłoc, M., & Tylmann, W. (2022). Tracking fire activity and post-fire limnological responses using the varved sedimentary sequence of Lake Jaczno, Poland. The Holocene, 32(6), 515-528. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836221080755
Brauer, A., & Casanova, J. (2001). Chronology and depositional processes of the laminated sediment record from Lac d'Annecy, French Alps. Journal of Paleolimnology, 25(2), 163-177. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008136029735
Braun-Blanquet, J. (1964). Pflanzensoziologie, Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8110-2
Bridge, M. (2020). ELM Dendrochronology. Vernacular Architecture, 51(1), 94-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055477.2020.1794245
Broda, J. (2000). Historia leśnictwa w Polsce. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej im. Augusta Cieszkowskiego.
Bronk Ramsey, C. (2001). Development of the radiocarbon calibration program. Radiocarbon, 43(2A), 355-363. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200038212
Carrari, E., Ampoorter, E., Bottalico, F., Chirici, G., Coppi, A., Travaglini, D., Verheyen, K., & Selvi, F. (2017). The old charcoal kiln sites in Central Italian forest landscapes. Quaternary International, 458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.027
Carrari, E., Ampoorter, E., Bussotti, F., Coppi, A., Garcia Nogales, A., Pollastrini, M., Verheyen, K., & Selvi, F. (2018). Effects of charcoal hearth soil on forest regeneration: Evidence from a two-year experiment on tree seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management, 427, 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.05.038
Chapin, F. S., Matson, P. A., & Vitousek, P. M. (2012). Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9504-9
Cogos, S., Östlund, L., & Roturier, S. (2019). Forest fire and indigenous Sami land use: Place names, fire dynamics, and ecosystem change in Northern Scandinavia. Human Ecology, 47(1), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-0056-9
Cole, L. E., Bhagwat, S. A., & Willis, K. J. (2014). Recovery and resilience of tropical forests after disturbance. Nat Commun, 5, 3906. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4906
Conedera, M., Vassere, S., Neff, C., Meurer, M., & Krebs, P. (2007). Using toponymy to reconstruct past land use: A case study of 'brüsáda' (burn) in southern Switzerland. Journal of Historical Geography, 33(4), 729-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2006.11.002
Czaja, R. (2008). Wykorzystanie energii w Starym Mieście Elblągu na początku XV. Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej, 56(3-4), 361-366.
Czerwiński, S., Guzowski, P., Lamentowicz, M., Gałka, M., Karpińska-Kołaczek, M., Poniat, R., Łokas, E., Diaconu, A.-C., Schwarzer, J., Miecznik, M., & Kołaczek, P. (2021). Environmental implications of past socioeconomic events in Greater Poland during the last 1200 years. Synthesis of paleoecological and historical data. Quaternary Science Reviews, 259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106902
De Palma, A., Sanchez-Ortiz, K., Martin, P. A., Chadwick, A., Gilbert, G., Bates, A. E., Börger, L., Contu, S., Hill, S. L. L., & Purvis, A. (2018). Challenges with inferring how land-use affects terrestrial biodiversity: Study design, time, space and synthesis. In Next Generation Biomonitoring: Part 1 (pp. 163-199). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2017.12.004
Dearing, J., Acma, B., Bub, S., Chambers, F., Chen, X., Cooper, J., Crook, D., Dong, X., Dotterweich, M., Edwards, M., Foster, T., Gaillard, M. J., Galop, D., Gell, P., Gil, A., Jeffers, E., Jones, R., Anupama, K., Langdon, P., … & Zhang, K. (2015). Social-ecological systems in the Anthropocene: The need for integrating social and biophysical records at regional scales. The Anthropocene Review, 2(3), 220-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019615579128
Dearing, J. A. (2006). Climate-human-environment interactions: Resolving our past. Climate of the Past, 2(2), 187-203. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2-187-2006
Dupin, A., Girardclos, O., Fruchart, C., Laplaige, C., Nuninger, L., Dufraisse, A., & Gauthier, E. (2017). Anthracology of charcoal kilns in the forest of Chailluz (France) as a tool to understand Franche-Comte forestry from the mid-15th to the early 20th century AD. Quaternary International, 458, 200-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.03.008
Eckstein, D., Baillie, M. G. L., & Egger, H. (1984). Dendrochronological Dating. Strasbourg: European Science Foundation.
Edvardsson, J., Almevik, G., Lindblad, L., Linderson, H., & Melin, K.-M. (2021). How cultural heritage studies based on dendrochronology can be improved through two-way communication. Forests, 12(8), 1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12081047
Ellis, E. C., Gauthier, N., Klein Goldewijk, K., Bliege Bird, R., Boivin, N., Diaz, S., Fuller, D. Q., Gill, J. L., Kaplan, J. O., Kingston, N., Locke, H., McMichael, C. N. H., Ranco, D., Rick, T. C., Shaw, M. R., Stephens, L., Svenning, J. C., & Watson, J. E. M. (2021). People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023483118
AO. (2006). Guidelines for soil description.
Gałka, M., Tobolski, K., Górska, A., & Lamentowicz, M. (2016). Resilience of plant and testate amoeba communities after climatic and anthropogenic disturbances in a Baltic bog in Northern Poland: Implications for ecological restoration. The Holocene, 27(1), 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616652704
Gmińska-Nowak, B., D'Agostino, A., Özarslan, Y., Orsi, V., Christopoulou, A., Mazzoni, S., Akkemik, Ü., & Ważny, T. (2021). Dendrochronological analysis and radiocarbon dating of charcoal remains from the multi-period site of Uşaklı Höyük, Yozgat, Turkey. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103078
Górnowicz, H. (1977). O możliwości rekonstrukcji dawnego krajobrazu, flory i fauny na podstawie toponimii [On the possibility of reconstructing the former landscape, flora and fauna on the basis of toponymy]. Poradnik Językowy, 8, 337-344.
Haneca, K., Katarina, Č., & Beeckman, H. (2009). Oaks, tree-rings and wooden cultural heritage: a review of the main characteristics and applications of oak dendrochronology in Europe. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.07.005
Hardy, B., Cornelis, J. T., Houben, D., Lambert, R., & Dufey, J. E. (2016). The effect of pre-industrial charcoal kilns on chemical properties of forest soil of Wallonia, Belgium. European Journal of Soil Science, 67(2), 206-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12324
Hedley, M. J., Stewart, J. W. B., & Chauhan, B. S. (1982). Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46(5), 970-976. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600050017x
Hirsch, F., Raab, T., Ouimet, W., Dethier, D., Schneider, A., & Raab, A. (2017). Soils on Historic Charcoal Hearths: Terminology and Chemical Properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 81(6), 1427-1435. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.02.0067
Hirsch, F., Schneider, A., Bauriegel, A., Raab, A., & Raab, T. (2018). Formation, classification, and properties of soils at two relict charcoal hearth sites in Brandenburg, Germany. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 6, 94. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00094
Hirsch, F., Schneider, A., Bonhage, A., Raab, A., Drohan, P. J., & Raab, T. (2020). An initiative for a morphologic-genetic catalog of relict charcoal hearths from Central Europe. Geoarchaeology 35(6), 974-983. https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21799
Hollstein, E. (1973). Eine mittelalterliche Rotbuchenchronologie aus dem Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen auf dem Frankfurter Römer. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt, 92(1), 47-50.
Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, L., Palli, J., Vignola, C., Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sanchez, F., Bjorkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwinski, S., Ejarque, A., … Masi, A. (2022). Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial hete
Kałagate, S., Osypiński, P., & Stachowiak, P. (2012). Relikty późnonowożytnego mielerza odkryte na stanowisku nr 4 w Wilkowie, gm. Świdnica, pow. zielonogórski, woj. lubuskie. Archeologia Środkowego Nadodrza, 9, 241-249.
Karavani, A., Boer, M. M., Baudena, M., Colinas, C., Díaz-Sierra, R., Pemán, J., de Luis, M., Enríquez-deSalamanca, Á., & Resco de Dios, V. (2018). Fire-induced deforestation in drought-prone Mediterranean forests: Drivers and unknowns from leaves to communities. Ecological Monographs, 88(2), 141-169. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1285
Kardasz, C. (2021). Der Export von Holz und Waldwaren aus dem südlichen Ostseeraum im Spätmittelalter. In R. Holbach, J. Sarnowsky (Eds.), Märkte, Messen und Waren im hansischen Handel (pp. 203-228).
Keane, R. E., Ryan, K. C., Veblen, T. T., Allen, C. D., Logan, J., & Hawkes, B. (2002). Cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems: A literature review. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. https://doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-91
Kershaw, H. M., & Mallik, A. U. (2013). Predicting plant diversity response to disturbance: Applicability of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis and mass ratio hypothesis. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 32(6), 383-395. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2013.791501
Kirilenko, A. P., & Sedjo, R. A. (2007). Climate change impacts on forestry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(50), 19697-19702. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701424104
Kittel, P., Mazurkevich, A., Wieckowska-Lüth, M., Pawłowski, D., Dolbunova, E., Płóciennik, M., Gauthier, E., Krąpiec, M., Maigrot, Y., Danger, M., Mroczkowska, A., Okupny, D., Szmańda, J., Thiebaut, E., & Słowiński, M. (2020). On the border between land and water: The environmental conditions of the Neolithic occupation from 4.3 until 1.6ka BC at Serteya, Western Russia. Geoarchaeology, 36(2), 173-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21824
Klein, P., Bauch, J. (1983). Aufbau einer Jahrringchronologie für Buchenholz und ihre Anwendung für die Datierung von Gemälden. Holzforschung, 37, 35-39.
Kruczkowska, B., Jonczak, J., Słowińska, S., Bartczak, A., Kramkowski, M., Uzarowicz, Ł., Tyszkowski, S., & Słowiński, M. (2021). Stages of soil development in the coastal zone of a disappearing lake - a case study from central Poland. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 21(3), 1420-1436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-02880-8
Kukulak, J. (2014). Charcoal in alluvium of mountain streams in the Bieszczady Mountains (Polish Carpathians) as a carrier of information on the local palaeoenvironment. Geochronometria, 41(3), 294-305. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13386-013-0155-0
Kulakowski, D., Bebi, P., Rixen, C. (2011). The interacting effects of land use change, climate change and suppression of natural disturbances on landscape forest structure in the Swiss Alps. Oikos, 120(2), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18726.x
Kulumbegov, R. P. (2020). Toponimija kak istochnik svedenij o zemledel'cheskom byte Osetin [Toponymy as a source of information about the agricultural life of Ossetians]. Vestnik Vladikavkazskogo nauchnogo centra, 20(4), 53-57.
Kutrzeba, S., Duda, F. (1915). Regestra thelonei aquatici Wladislaviensis: saeculi XVI. Nakładem Akademii Umiejętności.
Lamentowicz, M., Kołaczek, P., Mauquoy, D., Kittel, P., Łokas, E., Słowiński, M., Jassey, V. E. J., Niedziółka, K., Kajukało-Drygalska, K., & Marcisz, K. (2019). Always on the tipping point - A search for signals of past societies and related peatland ecosystem critical transitions during the last 6500 years in N Poland. Quaternary Science Reviews, 225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105954
Lamentowicz, M., Marcisz, K., Guzowski, P., Gałka, M., Diaconu, A.-C., & Kołaczek, P. (2020). How Joannites' economy eradicated primeval forest and created anthroecosystems in medieval Central Europe. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75692-4
Lamentowicz, M., Słowińska, S., Słowiński, M., Jassey, V. E. J., Chojnicki, B. H., Reczuga, M. K., Zielinska, M., Marcisz, K., Lamentowicz, L., Barabach, J., Samson, M., Kolaczek, P., & Buttler, A. (2016). Combining short-term manipulative experiments with long-term palaeoecological investigations at high resolution to assess the response of Sphagnum peatlands to drought, fire and warming. Mires and Peat, 18, 20. https://doi.org/10.19189/MaP.2016.OMB.244
Lamentowicz, M., Tobolski, K., & Mitchell, E. A. D. (2007). Palaeoecological evidence for anthropogenic acidification of a kettle-hole peatland in northern Poland. The Holocene, 17(8), 1185-1196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683607085123
Latałowa, M., Zimny, M., Jędrzejewska, B., & Samojlik, T. (2015). Białowieża primeval forest: A 2000-year interplay of environmental and cultural forces in Europe's best preserved temperate woodland. In K. J. Kirby & C. Watkins (Eds.), Europe's changing woods and forests: From wildwood to managed landscapes (pp. 243-264). CAB International.
Łuców, D., Küttim, M., Słowiński, M., Kołaczek, P., Karpińska-Kołaczek, M., Küttim, L., Salme, M., & Lamentowicz, M. (2022). Searching for an ecological baseline: Long-term ecology of a post-extraction restored bog in Northern Estonia. Quaternary International, 607, 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.08.017
Łuców, D., Lamentowicz, M., Kołaczek, P., Łokas, E., Marcisz, K., Obremska, M., Theuerkauf, M., Tyszkowski, S., & Słowiński, M. (2021). Pine forest management and disturbance in Northern Poland: Combining high-resolution 100-year-old paleoecological and remote sensing data. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.747976
Łukasiewicz, J. (1977). Drogi rozwoju rolnictwa na ziemiach polskich. In S. Kieniewicz (Ed.), Konfrontacje historyczne. Polska XIX wieku. Państwo, społeczeństwo, kultura (pp. 13-55). Wiedza Powszechna.
Małowist, M. (2006). Wschód a Zachód Europy w XIII-XVI wieku: Konfrontacja struktur społeczno-gospodarczych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo naukowe PWN.
Marcisz, K., Tinner, W., Colombaroli, D., Kolaczek, P., Słowiński, M., Fiaikiewicz-Koziel, B., Lokas, E., & Lamentowicz, M. (2015). Long-term hydrological dynamics and fire history over the last 2000 years in CE Europe reconstructed from a high-resolution peat archive. Quaternary Science Reviews, 112, 138-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.019
Marszałek, E. (2013). O potrzebie ocalenia profesji węglarskiej od zapomnienia. Studia i Materiały Ośrodka Kultury Leśnej, (12), 117-132.
Marszałek, E., & Kusiak, W. (2013). Wypał węgla drzewnego w Bieszczadach w przeszłości i obecnie. Roczniki Bieszczadzkie, 21, 164-183.
Mastrolonardo, G., Francioso, O., & Certini, G. (2018). Relic charcoal hearth soils: A neglected carbon reservoir. Case study at Marsiliana forest, Central Italy. Geoderma, 315, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.036
Miles, D. (1997). The interpretation, presentation and use of tree-ring dates. Vernacular Architecture, 28(1), 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1179/030554797786050563
Millar, C. I., Stephenson, N. L., & Stephens, S. L. (2007). Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecological applications, 17(8), 2145-2151. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18213958
Mroczkowska, A., Kittel, P., Marcisz, K., Dolbunova, E., Gauthier, E., Lamentowicz, M., Mazurkevich, A., Obremska, M., Płóciennik, M., Kramkowski, M., Łuców, D., Kublitskiy, Y., & Słowiński, M. (2021). Small peatland with a big story: 600-year paleoecological and historical data from a kettle-hole peatland in Western Russia. The Holocene, 31(11-12). https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836211033224
Müller, F., Baessler, C., Schubert, H., & Klotz, S. (Eds.) (2010). Long-term ecological research. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York, 10(1007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8782-9
Pearson, G. W. (1986). Precise calendrical dating of known growth-period samples using a "curve fitting" technique. Radiocarbon, 28(2A), 292-299. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200007396
Pędziszewska, A., Tylmann, W., Witak, M., Piotrowska, N., Maciejewska, E., & Latałowa, M. (2015). Holocene environmental changes reflected by pollen, diatoms, and geochemistry of annually laminated sediments of Lake Suminko in the Kashubian Lake District (N Poland). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 216, 55-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.01.008
Poraj-Górska, A. I., Bonk, A., Żarczyński, M., Kinder, M., & Tylmann, W. (2021). Varved lake sediments as indicators of recent cultural eutrophication and hypolimnetic hypoxia in lakes. Anthropocene, 36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2021.100311
Raab, A., Bonhage, A., Schneider, A., Raab, T., Rösler, H., Heußner, K. U., & Hirsch, F. (2019). Spatial distribution of relict charcoal hearths in the former royal forest district Tauer (SE Brandenburg, Germany). Quaternary International, 511, 153-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.07.022
Raab, A., Takla, M., Raab, T., Nicolay, A., Schneider, A., Rösler, H., Heußner, K. U., & Bönisch, E. (2015). Pre-industrial charcoal production in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany): Detection and evaluation of a large charcoal-burning field by combining archaeological studies, GIS-based analyses of shadedrelief maps and dendrochronological age determination. Quaternary International, 367, 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.041
Radwan, M. (1959). Interpretacja odsłoniętych mielerzy świętokrzyskich. Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej, 7(3), 473-476.
Ratcliffe, S., Wirth, C., Jucker, T., van der Plas, F., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Verheyen, K., Allan, E., Benavides, R., Bruelheide, H., Ohse, B., Paquette, A., Ampoorter, E., Bastias, C. C., Bauhus, J., Bonal, D., Bouriaud, O., Bussotti, F., Carnol, M., Castagneyrol, B., … Bardgett, R. (2017). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relations in European forests depend on environmental context. Ecology Letters, 20(11), 1414-1426. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12849
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Muscheler, R., … & Talamo, S. (2020). The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon, 62(4), 725-757. https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.41
Rinn, F. (2011). TSAP - Time Series Analysis and Presentation for Dendrochronology and related applications. Version 4.64 for Microsoft Windows - User Reference. Heidelberg, Germany.
Rutkiewicz, P., Malik, I., Wistuba, M., & Osika, A. (2019). High concentration of charcoal hearth remains as legacy of historical ferrous metallurgy in southern Poland. Quaternary International, 512, 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2019.04.015
Sabatini, F. M., Burrascano, S., Keeton, W. S., Levers, C., Lindner, M., Pötzschner, F., Verkerk, P. J., Bauhus, J., Buchwald, E., Chaskovsky, O., Debaive, N., Horváth, F., Garbarino, M., Grigoriadis, N., Lombardi, F., Marques Duarte, I., Meyer, P., Midteng, R., Mikac, S., … & Essl, F. (2018). Where are Europe's last primary forests?. Diversity and Distributions, 24(10), 1426-1439. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12778
Samojlik, T., Fedotova, A., Daszkiewicz, P., & Rotherham, I. D. (2020). Białowieża primeval forest: Nature and culture in the nineteenth century. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33479-6
Samojlik, T., Jędrzejewska, B., Michniewicz, M., Krasnodębski, D., Dulinicz, M., Olczak, H., Karczewski, A., & Rotherham, I. D. (2013). Tree species used for low-intensity production of charcoal and wood-tar in the 18th-century Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. Phytocoenologia, 43(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2013/0043-0511
Samojlik, T., Rotherham, I. D., & Jedrzejewska, B. (2013). Quantifying historic human impacts on forest environments: A case study in Bialowieza Forest, Poland. Environmental History, 18(3), 576-602. https://doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emt039
Schmidt, M., Mölder, A., Schönfelder, E., Engel, F., & Fortmann-Valtink, W. (2016). Charcoal kiln sites, associated landscape attributes and historic forest conditions: DTM-based investigations in Hesse (Germany). Forest Ecosystems, 3(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-016-0067-6
Schneider, A., Hirsch, F., Bonhage, A., Raab, A., & Raab, T. (2020). The soil moisture regime of charcoalenriched land use legacy sites. Geoderma, 366, 114241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114241
Schweingruber, F. H. (1988). Tree Rings: Basics and Applications of Dendrochronology. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1273-1
Słowiński, M., Związek, T., Swoboda, P., Niedzielski, M. A., Słowińska, S., Konopski, M., Jonczak, J., Kruczkowska, B., Chojnacka, A., Róg, D., Szewczyk, K., & Brykała, D., (in rev.). Multidimensional tracking and consequences of the usage of forest products in Early Modern Poland.
Słowiński, M., Brauer, A., Guzowski, P., Związek, T., Obremska, M., Theuerkauf, M., Dietze, E., Schwab, M., Tjallingii, R., Czaja, R., Ott, F., & Błaszkiewicz, M. (2021). The role of Medieval road operation on cultural landscape transformation. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 20876. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00090-3
Słowiński, M., Lamentowicz, M., Luców, D., Barabach, J., Brykała, D., Tyszkowski, S., Pieńczewska, A., Śnieszko, Z., Dietze, E., Jazdżewski, K., Obremska, M., Ott, F., Brauer, A., & Marcisz, K. (2019). Paleoecological and historical data as an important tool in ecosystem management. Journal of Environmental Management, 236, 755-768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.002
Słowiński, M., Marcisz, K., Płóciennik, M., Obremska, M., Pawłowski, D., Okupny, D., Słowińska, S., Borówka, R., Kittel, P., Forysiak, J., Michczyńska, D. J., & Lamentowicz, M. (2016). Drought as a stress driver of ecological changes in peatland - A palaeoecological study of peatland development between 3500 BCE and 200 BCE in central Poland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 461, 272-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.038
Słowiński, M., Skubała, P., Zawiska, I., Kruk, A., Obremska, M., Milecka, K., & Ott, F. (2018). Cascading effects between climate, vegetation, and macroinvertebrate fauna in 14,000-year palaeoecological investigations of a shallow lake in eastern Poland. Ecological Indicators, 85, 329-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.09.033
Smil, V. (2017). Energy and civilization: A history. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035774.001.0001
Straka, T. J. (2014). Historic charcoal production in the US and forest depletion: Development of production parameters. Advances in Historical Studies, 3(2), 104-114. https://doi.org/10.4236/ahs.2014.32010
Szal, M., Kupryjanowicz, M., Wyczółkowski, M., & Tylmann, W. (2014). The Iron Age in the Mrągowo Lake District, Masuria, NE Poland: The Salęt settlement microregion as an example of long-lasting human impact on vegetation. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 23(4), 419-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-014-0465-z
Szewczyk, K., Halaś, A., Tyszkowski, S., Łuców, D., Jonczak, J., Mroczkowska, A., Kruczkowska, B., Związek, T., Brykała, D., & Słowiński, M. (2021). Charcoal hearths - mapping and spatial distribution in northern Poland. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2021, pp. PP35D-1018).
Thom, D., & Seidl, R. (2016). Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests. Biological Reviews, 91(3), 760-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12193
Tobolski, K. (2000). Przewodnik do oznaczania torfów i osadów jeziornych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Wacnik, A., Gumiński, W., Cywa, K., & Bugajska, K. (2020). Forests and foragers: Exploitation of wood resources by Mesolithic and para-Neolithic societies in north-eastern Poland. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 29, 717-736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-020-00778-y
Walanus, A., & Goslar, T. (2009). Datowanie radiowęglowe. Kraków: Wydawnictwa AGH.
Warde, P. (2006). Fear of wood shortage and the reality of the woodland in Europe, c.1450-1850. History Workshop Journal, 62(1), 28-57. https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbl009
Warde, P., & Williamson, T. (2014). Fuel supply and agriculture in post-medieval England. The Agricultural History Review, 62(1), 61-82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43697953
Warner, B. G., Kubiw, H. J., & Hanf, K. I. (1989). An anthropogenic cause for quaking mire formation in southwestern Ontario. Nature, 340(6232), 380-384. https://doi.org/10.1038/340380a0
Ważny, T. (1991). Dendrochronologia obiektów zabytkowych w Polsce. Gdańsk: Muzeum Archeologiczne w Gdańsku.
Ważny, T., & Eckstein, D. (1987). Der Holzhandel von Danzig/Gdańsk-Geschichte, Umfang und Reichweite. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 45(12), 509-513. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02611458
Whitlock, C., Colombaroli, D., Conedera, M., & Tinner, W. (2018). Land-use history as a guide for forest conservation and management. Conservation Biology, 32(1), 84-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12960
Williams, M. (2000). Dark ages and dark areas: Global deforestation in the deep past. Journal of Historical Geography, 26(1), 28-46. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1999.0189
WRB, I. W. G. (2015). World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014: International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. Update 2015. World Soil Resources Reports, (106). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
Zientara, B.-P.(1954). Dzieje małopolskiego hutnictwa zelaznego XIV-XVII. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Zierhoffer, K., & Zierhofferowa, Z. (2008-2009). Refleksy gospodarki żarowej w polskim nazewnictwie. Onomastica, 53, 93-117.
Żabko-Potopowicz, A. (1954). Zagadnienie lasów w Polsce przed rozbiorami od schyłku XV do połowy XVIII wieku. Sylwan, 98(5), 363-388.
Żabko-Potopowicz, A. (1972). Las w dziejach Polski przedrozbiorowej. Warszawa: Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego.

Relation:

Geographia Polonica

Volume:

95

Issue:

3

Start page:

205

End page:

225

Detailed Resource Type:

Artykuł

Resource Identifier:

oai:rcin.org.pl:236082 ; doi:10.7163/GPol.0233 ; 0016-7282 (print) ; 2300-7362 (online) ; 10.7163/GPol.0233

Source:

CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, sygn.: Cz.2085, Cz.2173, Cz.2406 ; click here to follow the link

Language:

eng

Language of abstract:

eng

Rights:

Licencja Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0

Terms of use:

Zasób chroniony prawem autorskim. [CC BY 4.0 Międzynarodowe] Korzystanie dozwolone zgodnie z licencją Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0, której pełne postanowienia dostępne są pod adresem: ; -

Digitizing institution:

Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Original in:

Centralna Biblioteka Geografii i Ochrony Środowiska Instytutu Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN

Projects co-financed by:

Unia Europejska. Europejski Fundusz Rozwoju Regionalnego ; Program Operacyjny Innowacyjna Gospodarka, lata 2010-2014, Priorytet 2. Infrastruktura strefy B + R

Access:

Otwarty