Rozmieszczenie piętrowe pająków w lesie

Łuczak, Jadwiga

doi:ISSN 0424-7205

Download

Title: Rozmieszczenie piętrowe pająków w lesie

Abstract:

The work was carried out in the big forest of Kampinos near Warsaw, in the period from May till June in the environment of sparsely wooded, 60 years old pine forest with a rich undergrowth of leafy trees and Vaccinium myrtillus in the herb layer. Spiders from shrubs, herb layer and litter were caught with methods such as: beating from the trees, sweeping by means of the sweep net and searching through the litter, taking in generał within the above mentioned period 49 quantitative samples from all three layers. The aim of this work was a preliminary examination of the distribution of various species of spiders and their quantitative proportions on different strata of wood. A total of 86 species (Table I) was caught and 1588 individuals belonging to 12 families, 70 species of which included adult individuals. Species notable for their large quantities, common for two strata are not encountered (Table II and III).Theridion ovatum is the only exception. This is evidence of the distinct division of the species of spiders among seperate strata. 2 dominant species (Trematocephalus cristatus and Theridion varians) and 4 influents (Anyphaena accentuata, Theridion ovatum, Araneus cucurbitinus, Theridion tinctum) were distinguished in the shrub layer, 3 dominant species (Linyphia triangularis, Theridion ovatum, Evarcha falcata) and 2 influents (Mangora acalypha and Dolomedes fimbriatus) in the herbaceous layer (Table V and VI).The following characteristics of structure of spider communities in shrub and herb layer were found. 1. Similarities: a. Numbers of dominant, influent and accessory species evidenced in percentages of the whole numbers of spiders of given layer show very approximate values. These are for shrubs: 47 + 14 + 39 = 100, for herbs: 46 + 11 + 43 =100.b. In both layers quantitative dominance is found of web spiders of the three following families: Linyphiidae, Argiopidae, Theridiidae (Table IV).2. Differences:a. In both strata different species are dominant (Table V and VI).b. The percentage of species equally distributed in both strata is very small, being lower than 18%.c. A larger quantity of adult individuals is to be found on shrubs than in the herbaceous layer. The herbaceous layer proves to be the habitat of young forms of spiders. Young forms are more than three times more numerous than adult ones.From the above mentioned characteristics of spider communities in shrub and herb layers it follows that the ecological structure of communities is alike in both strata but qualitative composition of communities and the age structure of the species are different.

References:

1. Łuczak, J. 1959 - The community of spiders of the ground flora of pine forest - Ekol. Pol. A, 11.
2. Tretzel, E. 1954 - Reife und Fortpflanzungsszeit bei Spinnen - Z. Morph. Ökol. 42.
3. Wiehle, H. 1956 - Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea (Araneae) 28. Familie Linyphiidae-Baldachinspinnen (Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 44) - Jena.