Subtitle:

Przegląd Geograficzny T. 93 z. 2 (2021)

Publisher:

IGiPZ PAN

Place of publishing:

Warszawa

Description:

24 cm

Abstract:

Rynek samochodów osobowych – ze względu na skalę, dynamikę i konsekwencje jego rozwoju – staje się w coraz większym zakresie przedmiotem badań wielu dyscyplin naukowych, w tym geografii. Przemiany tego rynku są uzależnione w szczególności od dochodów i preferencji mieszkańców, polityki państw i organizacji międzynarodowych oraz poziomu rozwoju gospodarek, w szczególności rozwoju przemysłu motoryzacyjnego. Z drugiej strony, wielkość oraz struktura rynku samochodów osobowych w istotny sposób wpływają na poziom PKB wielu państw rozwiniętych, na eksport samochodów używanych do krajów peryferyjnych oraz na jakość środowiska przyrodniczego. Wpływ ten zaznacza się również na poziomie regionalnym i lokalnym (np. kwestia dostępności przestrzennej dóbr i usług). Dlatego w badania rynku samochodów osobowych włączają się coraz częściej specjaliści zajmujący się geografią ekonomiczną oraz geografią rozwoju regionalnego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych kierunków, a także wyników badań rynku samochodów osobowych, ze szczególnym wyeksponowaniem ich wymiaru geograficznego. Koncentrują się one wokół czterech głównych grup zagadnień: (1) poziomu motoryzacji i modelowania popytu na samochody, (2) relacji między rynkiem aut nowych i używanych w krajach rozwijających się, (3) roli czynników przestrzennych i transportu publicznego w funkcjonowaniu rynku samochodowego oraz (4) skutków środowiskowych upowszechnienia motoryzacji i sposobów ich ograniczania, takich jak elektromobilność oraz ekonomia współdzielenia.

References:

Abu-Eisheh, S.A., & Mannering, F.L. (2002). Forecasting automobile demand for economies in transition. A dynamic simultaneous-equation system approach. Transportation Planning and Technology, 25(4), 311‑331. https://doi.org/10.1080/0308106022000019026
Adamowicz, M. (2009). Kluczowe czynniki rozwoju rynku samochodów osobowych w Polsce w latach 1998‑2007. Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania Szkoły Głównej Handlowej, 96, 149‑176.
Anenberg, S.C., Miller, J., Minjares, R., Du, L., Henze, D.K., Lacey, F., Malley, C.S., Emberson, L., Franco,V., Klimont, Z., & Heyes, C. (2017). Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11 major vehicle markets. Nature, 545(7655), 467‑471. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22086
Axhausen, K.W., & Brandl, P.G. (1999). Dynamics of LRT growth: Karlsruhe since 1975. Transport Reviews, 19(3), 221‑240. https://doi.org/10.1080/014416499295501
Bates, J., Gunn, H., & Roberts, M. (1978). A model of household car ownership: Part 2. Traffic Engineering & Control, 19(12), 562‑566.
Ben-Akiva, M., & Atherton, T.J. (1977). Methodology for short-range travel demand predictions: Analysis of carpooling incentives. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 11(3), 224‑261.
Ben-Akiva, M., Manski, C.F., & Sherman, L. (1981). A behavioral approach to modelling household motor vehicle ownership and applications to aggregate policy analysis. Environment and Planning A, 13(4), 399‑411. https://doi.org/10.1068/a130399
Beuving, J.J. (2006). Nigerien second-hand car traders in Cotonou: A sociocultural analysis of economic decision-making. African Affairs, 105(420), 353‑373. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adi106
Bhat, C.R., Sen, S., & Eluru, N. (2009). The impact of demographics, built environment attributes, vehicle characteristics, and gasoline prices on household vehicle holdings and use. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 43(1), 1‑18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2008.06.009
Boschma, R.A. (1997). New Industries and Windows of Locational Opportunity: A Long-Term Analysis of Belgium. Erdkunde, 51(1), 12‑22. https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1997.01.02
Bradley, T.H., & Frank, A.A. (2009). Design, demonstrations and sustainability impact assessments for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(13), 115‑128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.05.003
Bratzel, S. (1999). Conditions of success in sustainable urban transport policy - policy change in 'relatively successful' European cities. Transport Reviews, 19(2), 177‑190. https://doi.org/10.1080/014416499295600
Burchart-Korol, D., Gazda-Grzywacz, M., & Zarębska, K. (2020). Research and Prospects for the Development of Alternative Fuels in the Transport Sector in Poland: A Review. Energies 2020, 13, 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112988
Button, K.J., & Ngoe, N. (1991). Vehicle ownership and use forecasting in low income countries. Contractor Report 278, Crowthorne: Transport Research Laboratory-TRL.
Button, K.J., Pearman, A.D., & Fowkes, A.S. (1982). Car ownership modelling and forecasting. Brookfield, VT, USA: Gower Publishing.
Cao, X., & Huang, X. (2013). City-level determinants of private car ownership in China. Asian Geographer, 30(1), 37‑53. https://doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2013.799507
Carlson, R.L., & Umble, M.M. (1980). Statistical demand functions for a
Carslaw, D.C., & Rhys-Tyler, G. (2013). New insights from comprehensive on-road measurements of NOx, NO2 and NH3 from vehicle emission remote sensing in London, UK. Atmospheric Environment, 81, 339‑347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.09.026
Chatterton, T., Barnes, J., Wilson, R.E., Anable, J., & Cairns, S. (2015). Use of a novel dataset to explore spatial and social variations in car type, size, usage and emissions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 39, 151‑164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.06.003
Chen, N., Akar, G., Gordon, S.I., & Chen, S. (2020). Where do you live and what do you drive: Built-environmental and spatial effects on vehicle type choice and vehicle use. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1762950
Chow, G.C. (1957). Demand for automobiles in the United States: A study in consumer durables. Amsterdam: North-Holland Pub.
Chow, G.C. (1960). Statistical demand functions for automobiles and their use for forecasting. W: A.C. Harberger (red.), The demand for durable goods (s. 149‑178). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Chu, T., & Delgado, A. (2009). Used vehicle imports impact on new vehicle sales: The Mexican case. Análisis Económico, 24(55), 347‑364.
Clark, B., Chatterjee, K., & Melia, S. (2016). Changes in level of household car ownership: the role of life events and spatial context. Transportation, 43(4), 565‑599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116‑015‑9589-y
Clark, B., Chatterjee, K., Melia, S., Knies, G., & Laurie, H. (2014). Life events and travel behavior: Exploring the interrelationship using UK household longitudinal study data. Transportation Research Record, 2413(1), 54‑64. https://doi.org/10.3141/2413‑06
Coffin, D., Horowitz, J., Nesmith, D., & Semanik, M. (2016). Examining barriers to trade in used vehicles. Office of Industries, US International Trade Commission. Working Paper ID-044. Pobrane z: https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/used_vehicle_wp_id-44_final_web_0.pdf (15.12.2020).
Contestabile, M., Tal, G., & Turrentine, T. (red.). (2020). Who's Driving Electric Cars. Understanding Consumer Adoption and Use of Plug-In Electric Cars. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978‑3-030‑38382‑4
Coșciug, A., Ciobanu, S., & Benedek, J. (2017). The safety of transnational imported second-hand cars: A case study on vehicle-to-vehicle crashes in Romania. Sustainability, 9(12), 2380. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122380
Covarrubias, A., & Perez, S.M.R. (2020). Introduction: Changing Geographies and Frontiers of the Automotive Industry. W: A. Covarrubias, & S.M.R. Perez (red.), New Frontiers of the Automobile Industry (s. 1‑38). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978‑3-030‑18881‑8
Czernicki, Ł, Maj, M., & Miniszewski, M. (2019). Jak wspierać elektromobilność? Warszawa: Polski Instytut Ekonomiczny.
Dargay, J.M., & Vythoulkas, P.C. (1999). Estimation of a dynamic car ownership model: a pseudo-panel approach. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 33(3), 287‑301.
Dargay, J., & Gately, D. (1999). Income's effect on car and vehicle ownership, worldwide: 1960‑2015. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 33(2), 101‑138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965‑8564 (98)00026‑3
Dargay, J., Gately, D., & Sommer, M. (2007). Vehicle ownership and income growth, worldwide: 1960‑2030. Energy Journal, 28(4). Pobrane z: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41323125 (15.11.2020).
Davis, L.W., & Kahn, M.E. (2010). International trade in used vehicles: The environmental consequences of NAFTA. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2(4), 58‑82. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.2.4.58
Davis, S., & Boundy, R.G. (2020). Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 38 (No. ORNL/TM2019/1333). Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Pobrane z: https://tedb.ornl.gov/(15.12.2020).
Davis, S.C., & Williams, S.E. (2017). Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 36, Oak Ridge, Tennessee: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Pobrane z: https://info.ornl.gov/sites/publications/Files/Pub104063.pdf (15.12.2020).
Dicken, P. (2015). Wheels of Change: The Automobile Industry. W: P. Dicken (red.), Global shift: mapping the changing contours of the world economy (s. 477‑509). London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi, Singapore: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Ding, C., & Cao, X. (2019). How does the built environment at residential and work locations affect car ownership? An application of cross-classified multilevel model. Journal of Transport Geography, 75, 37‑45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.01.012
Dzikuć, M., Adamczyk, J., & Piwowar, A. (2017). Problems associated with the emissions limitations from road transport in the Lubuskie Province (Poland). Atmospheric Environment, 160, 1‑8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.04.011
E-mobility, (2020). Statista Mobility Market Outlook. July 2020.
European Environment Agency, (2019). Air quality in Europe - 2019 report. Pobrane z: https://www.eea.europa.eu//publications/air-quality-in-europe-2019 (15.12.2020).
Ewing, R., & Cervero, R. (2010). Travel and the built environment: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Planning Association, 76(3), 265‑294. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944361003766766
Ewing, R., Greenwald, M., Zhang, M., Walters, J., Feldman, M., Cervero, R., Frank, L., & Thomas, J. (2011). Traffic generated by mixed use developments-six-region study using consistent built environmental measures. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 137(3), 248‑261. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE) UP.1943‑5444.0000068
Ezeoha, A., Okoyeuzu, C., Onah, E., & Uche, C. (2019). Second-hand vehicle markets in West Africa: A source of regional disintegration, trade informality and welfare losses. Business History, 61(1), 187‑204. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2018.1459087
Figenbaum, E., Fearnley, N., Pfaffenbichler, P., Hjorthol, R., Kolbenstvedt, M., Jellinek, R., Emmerling, B., Bonnema, G.M., Ramjerdi, F., Vågane, L., & Møller Iversen, L. (2015). Increasing the competitiveness of e-vehicles in Europe. European Transport Research Review, 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544‑015‑0177‑1
Fowkes, A.S., & Button, K.J. (1977). An evaluation of car ownership forecasting techniques. International Journal of Transport Economics/Rivista internazionale di economiadei trasporti, 4(2), 115‑143.
Frey, H.C. (2018). Trends in onroad transportation energy and emissions. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 68(6), 514‑563. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2018.1454357
Freyssenet, M. (2009). Introduction: Ten Years On, What Have We Learnt? W: M. Freyssenet (red.), The Second Automobile Revolution (s. 1‑6). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Givoni, M., & Banister, D. (2010). Integrated Transport: from policy to practice. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Golunov, S. (2018). Balancing Between Legality and Illegality: Russian Import of Japanese Used Cars and Unauthorized Export of Russian Marine Bioresources to Japan. Pacific Affairs, 91(3), 499‑522. https://doi.org/10.5509/2018923499
Goodwin, P., Dargay, J., & Hanly, M. (2004). Elasticities of road traffic and fuel consumption with respect to price and income: a review. Transport Reviews, 24(3), 275‑292. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144164042000181725
Greim, H. (2019). Diesel engine emissions: are they no longer tolerable?. Archives of toxicology, 93, 2483‑2490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204‑019‑02531‑5
Hamed, M.M., & Abdelwahab, W.M. (1996). Effect of government policies and vehicle marketing strategies on household vehicle demand and fuel consumption. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(3), 587‑587. https://doi.org/10.1139/l96‑867
Hanly, M., & Dargay, J.M. (2000). Car ownership in Great Britain: Panel data analysis. Transportation Research Record, 1718(1), 83‑89. https://doi.org/10.3141/1718‑11
Hao, H., Geng, Y., & Sarkis, J. (2016). Carbon footprint of global passenger cars: Scenarios through 2050. Energy, 101, 121‑131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.01.089
Helmers, E., Leitão, J., Tietge, U., & Butler, T. (2019). CO2-equivalent emissions from European passenger vehicles in the years 1995‑2015 based on real-world use: Assessing the climate benefit of the European "diesel boom." Atmospheric Environment, 198, 122‑132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.10.039
Hooftman, N., Messagie, M., Van Mierlo, J., & Coosemans, T. (2018). A review of the European passenger car regulations - Real driving emissions vs local air quality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 86, 1‑21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.01.012
Ingram, G.K., & Liu, Z. (1999). Determinants of motorization and road provision. W: G. Ibanez, B.W. Tye, & C. Winston (red.), Essays in Transportation Economics and Policy (s. 325‑356), Washington, DC, USA: Brookings Institution Press.
Janic, M. (2001). Integrated transport systems in the European Union: an overview of some recent developments. Transport Review, 21, 469‑497. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640110042147
Jansson, J.O. (1989). Car demand modelling and forecasting: a new approach. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 23(2), 125‑140. Pobrane z: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20052878 (15.12.2020).
Jittrapirom, P., Caiati, V., Feneri, A.-M., Ebrahimigharehbaghi, S., Alonso-González, M.J., & Narayan, J., 2017. Mobility as a Service: A Critical Review of Definitions, Assessments of Schemes, and Key Challenges. Urban Planning, 2(2), 13‑25. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v2i2.931
Johnson, T.R. (1978). Aggregation and the demand for new and used automobiles. The Review of Economic Studies, 45(2), 311‑327.
Karlaftis, M., & Golias, J. (2002). Automobile ownership, households without automobiles, and urban traffic parameters: are they related? Transportation Research Record, 1792(1), 29‑35. https://doi.org/10.3141/1792‑04
Keuken, M.P., Jonkers, S., Verhagen, H.L.M., Perez, L., Trüeb, S., Okkerse, W.-J., Liu, J., Pan, X.C., Zheng, L., Wang, H., Xu, R., & Sabel, C.E. (2014). Impact on air quality of measures to reduce CO2 emissions from road traffic in Basel, Rotterdam, Xi'an and Suzhou. Atmospheric Environment, 98, 434‑41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.024
Kisiała, W., Kudłak, R., Gadziński, J., Dyba, W., Kołsut, B., & Stryjakiewicz, T. (2017). An attempt to model the demand for new cars in Poland and its spatial differences. Economics and Business Review, 3(17), 4, 111‑127. https:/doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2017.4.7
Kołsut, B. (2020). The import of used cars to Poland after EU accession. Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego, 34(2), 129‑143. https://doi.org/10.24917/20801653.342.9
Kołsut, B., Gadziński, J., & Stryjakiewicz, T. (2020). Ułomności statystyki motoryzacji w Polsce i ich konsekwencje dla badań geograficznych. Przegląd Geograficzny, 92(2), 227‑245. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2020.2.4
Komornicki, T. (2003). Factors of development of car ownership in Poland. Transport reviews, 23(4), 413‑431. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144164022000026936
Komornicki, T. (2011). Przemiany mobilności codziennej Polaków na tle rozwoju motoryzacji. Prace Geograficzne, 227, Warszawa: IGiPZ PAN.
Krzak, J. (2004). Skutki akcesji Polski do UE dla branży samochodowej. Kancelaria Sejmu, Biuro Studiów i Ekspertyz, Wydział Analiz Ekonomicznych i Społecznych, Raport nr 224.
Kudłak, R., Kisiała, W., Gadziński, J., Dyba, W., Kołsut, B., & Stryjakiewicz, T. (2017). Społeczno-ekonomiczne i przestrzenne uwarunkowania popytu na nowe samochody w Polsce. Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, 68(2), 119‑139. https://doi.org/10.7366/150949956806
Kumar, R.R., & Alok, K. (2020). Adoption of electric vehicle: a literature review and prospects for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119911
Kuzmichev, A.A., & Loboyko, V.F. (2016). Impact of the Polluted Air on the Appearance of Buildings and Architectural Monuments in the Area of Town Planning. Procedia Engineering, 150, 2095‑2101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.244
Lansley, G. (2016). Cars and socio-economics: understanding neighbourhood variations in car characteristics from administrative data. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 3(1), 264‑285. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2016.1177466
Lee, K., & Ni, S. (2002). On the dynamic effects of oil price shocks: a study using industry level data. Journal of Monetary economics, 49(4), 823‑852. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304‑3932 (02)00114‑9
Lerman, S., & Ben-Akiva, M. (1975). Disaggregate behavioural model of automobile ownership. Transportation Research Record, 569, 34‑51.
Mannering, F.L., & Train, K. (1985). Recent directions in automobile demand modeling. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 19(4), 265‑274. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191‑2615 (85)90035‑9
Matas, A., & Raymond, J.L. (2008). Changes in the structure of car ownership in Spain. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 42(1), 187‑202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2007.08.005
Mehlhart, G., Merz, C., Akkermans, L.A., & Jordal-Jørgensen, J. (2011). European second-hand car market analysis. Final Report, Darmstadt, Germany: Öko-Institut. Pobrane z: https://www.oeko. de/oekodoc/1114/2011‑005-en.pdf (10.12.2019).
Menes, M. (2014). Czynniki determinujące i wielkość średniorocznych przebiegów samochodów osobowych w krajach wysoko zmotoryzowanych. Transport Samochodowy, 1, 15‑32.
Nega, T., Smith, C., Bethune, J., & Fu, W-H. (2012). An analysis of landscape penetration by road infrastructure and traffic noise. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 36, 245‑256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2011.09.001
Nieuwenhuis, P., & Wells, P. (2003). The automotive industry and the environment. Cambridge, England: Woodhead Publishing.
Nijland, H., & van Meerkerk, J. (2017). Mobility and environmental impacts of car sharing in the Netherlands. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 23, 84‑91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2017.02.001
Nolan, A. (2010). A dynamic analysis of household car ownership. Transportation Research Part A: policy and practice, 44(6), 446‑455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2010.03.018
Oakil, A.T.M., Ettema, D., Arentze, T., & Timmermans, H. (2014). Changing household car ownership level and life cycle events: an action in anticipation or an action on occurrence. Transportation, 41(4), 889‑904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116‑013‑9507‑0
OICA, (2019). International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, Sales Statistics. Pobrane z: https://www.oica.net/category/sales-statistics/(15.12.2020).
Pascal, M., Corso, M., Chanel, O., Declercq, C., Badaloni, C., Cesaroni, G., Henschel, S., Meister, K., Haluza, D., Martin-Olmedo, P., & Medina, S. (2013). Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25 European cities: Results of the Aphekom project. Science of The Total Environment, 449, 390‑400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.077
Pelletiere, D., & Reinert, K.A. (2004). Used automobile protection and trade: Gravity and ordered probit analysis. Empirical Economics, 29(4), 737‑751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181‑004‑0216‑6
Pelletiere, D., & Reinert, K.A. (2006). World trade in used automobiles: a gravity analysis of Japanese and US exports. Asian Economic Journal, 20(2), 161‑172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467‑8381.2006.00227.x-i1
Pelletiere, D., & Reinert, K.A. (2010). World Exports of New and Used Automobiles: A Gravity Model Comparison among the European Union, Japan and the United States. International Economic Journal, 24(1), 103‑110. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168731003589709
Pendyala, R.M., Kostyniuk, L.P., & Goulias, K.G. (1995). A repeated cross-sectional evaluation of car ownership. Transportation, 22(2), 165‑184. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01099438
Potrykowski, M., & Taylor, Z. (1982). Geografia transportu. Zarys problemów, modeli i metod badawczych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo PWN.
Plötz, P., Schneider, U., Globisch, J., & Dütschke, E. (2014). Who will buy electric vehicles? Identifying early adopters in Germany. Transportation Research Part A, 67, 96‑109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.06.006
Prillwitz, J., Harms, S., & Lanzendorf, M. (2006). Impact of life-course events on car ownership. Transportation Research Record, 1985(1), 71‑77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198106198500108
Root, E. (2006). The impact of used car imports on the industry and markets in Eastern Europe. Proceedings of the Global Automotive Conference, 11, Florence, Italy.
Rosik, P. (2016). Determinants of demand in individual transport with particular reference to spatial aspect. Europa XXI, 31, 81‑94. https://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2016.31.6
Rosik, P., Komornicki, T., Goliszek, S., Śleszyński, P., Szarata, A., Szejgiec-Kolenda, B., Pomianowski, W., & Kowalczyk, K. (2018). Kompleksowe modelowanie osobowego ruchu drogowego w Polsce: uwarunkowania na poziomie gminnym, Prace Geograficzne, 267. Warszawa: IGiPZ PAN.
Ryan, J.M., & Han, G. (1999). Vehicle-ownership model using family structure and accessibility application to Honolulu, Hawaii. Transportation Research Record, 1676(1), 1‑10. https://doi.org/10.3141/1676‑01
Shaheen, S.A., & Cohen, A.P. (2013). Carsharing and Personal Vehicle Services: Worldwide Market Developments and Emerging Trends. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 7(1), 5‑34. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2012.660103
Steg, L. (2005). Car use: lust and must. Instrumental, symbolic and affective motives for car use. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 39 (2‑3), 147‑162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2004.07.001
Stokes, G., Hallett, S., Goodwin, P., Kenny, F., Jones, P., Hass-Klau, C., & Bradburn, P. (1991). Buses in towns. Washington, DC: Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL).
Stone, T. (2017). Light Pollution: A Case Study in Framing an Environmental Problem. Ethics, Policy & Environment, 20(3), 279‑293. https://doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2017.1374010
Stryjakiewicz, T., Kudłak, R., Gadziński, J., Kołsut, B., Dyba, W., & Kisiała, W. (2017). Czasoprzestrzenna analiza rynku nowych samochodów osobowych w Polsce. Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego, 31(3), 64‑79. https://doi.org./10.24917/20801653.313.5
Świetlik, K. (2005). Ekonometryczna analiza popytu na samochody w Polsce w latach 1993‑2003. Prace Naukowe Katedry Ekonomii i Zarządzania Przedsiębiorstwem, 4, 189‑204.
Świetlik, K. (2009). Modele popytu na samochody osobowe na rynku pierwotnym w Polsce w latach 2004‑2009. Pieniądze i Więź, 44(3), 175‑192.
Taylor, Z. (2004). Recent changes in Polish transport policy. Transport Reviews, 24(1), 19‑32. https://doi.org/10.1080/014416402200028817
Taylor, Z., & Ciechański, A. (2008). What Happened to the National Road Carrier in a Post Communist Country? The Case of Poland's State Road Transport. Transport Reviews, 28(5), 619‑640. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640801943018
Teal, R.F. (1987). Carpooling: Who, how and why. Transportation Research Part A: General, 21(3), 203‑214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191‑2607 (87)90014‑8
Thomas, S.C.E. (2012). How green are electric vehicles? International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37, 6053‑6062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.12.118
Train, K. (1980). A structured logit model of auto ownership and mode choice. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(2), 357‑370.
Train, K. (1986). Qualitative choice analysis: Theory, econometrics, and an application to automobile demand. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Trela, M. (2019). Comparison of financial and external costs related to the use of selected electric and conventional passenger cars - the example of Poland. Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, 30(4), 18‑24. https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2019‑0017
Uherek, E., Halenka, T., Borken-Kleefeld, J., Balkanski, Y., Berntsen, T., Borrego, C., Gauss, M., Hoor, P., Juda-Rezler, K., Lelieveld, J., Melas, D., Rypdal, K., & Schmid, S. (2010). Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport. Atmospheric Environment, 44(37), 4772‑4816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.002
Urry, J. (2004). The 'system'of automobility. Theory, culture & society, 21 (4‑5), 25‑39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276404046059
Wang, Y., Yu, Y., Huang, K., Chen, B., Deng, W., & Yao, Y. (2017). Quantifying the environmental impact of a Li-rich high-capacity cathode material in electric vehicles via life cycle assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(2), 1251‑1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356‑016‑7849‑9
Weiss, M., Bonnel, P., Hummel, R., Provenza, A., & Manfredi, U. (2011). On-Road Emissions of Light-Duty Vehicles in Europe. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(19), 8575‑8581. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2008424
Wenten, F. (2020). The Automotive Industry in China: Past and Present. W: A. Covarrubias, & S.M.R. Perez (red.), New Frontiers of the Automobile Industry (s. 279‑300). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Whelan, G. (2007). Modelling car ownership in Great Britain. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41(3), 205‑219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2006.09.013
White, L., & Sintov, N.D. (2017). You are what you drive: Environmentalist and social innovator symbolism drives electric vehicle adoption intentions. Transportation Research Part A: Policy Practice, 99, 94‑113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.03.008
Wootton, J. (1999). Replacing the private car. Transport Reviews, 19(2), 157‑175. https://doi.org/10.1080/014416499295592
Workman, D. (2018). Car Exports by Country. WTEx. Pobrane z: http://www.worldstopexports.com/car-exports-country/ (15.12.2020).
Younes, B. (1995). The benefits of improving public transport: a myth or reality? Transport Reviews, 15(4), 333‑356. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441649508716924

Relation:

Przegląd Geograficzny

Volume:

93

Issue:

2

Start page:

249

End page:

268

Detailed Resource Type:

Artykuł

Format:

application/octet-stream

Resource Identifier:

oai:rcin.org.pl:197289 ; 0033-2143 (print) ; 2300-8466 (on-line) ; 10.7163/PrzG.2021.2.6

Source:

CBGiOŚ. IGiPZ PAN, sygn.: Cz.181, Cz.3136, Cz.4187 ; click here to follow the link

Language:

pol

Language of abstract:

eng

Rights:

Licencja Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0

Terms of use:

Zasób chroniony prawem autorskim. [CC BY 4.0 Międzynarodowe] Korzystanie dozwolone zgodnie z licencją Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0, której pełne postanowienia dostępne są pod adresem: ; -

Digitizing institution:

Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Original in:

Centralna Biblioteka Geografii i Ochrony Środowiska Instytutu Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN

Projects co-financed by:

Program Operacyjny Polska Cyfrowa, lata 2014-2020, Działanie 2.3 : Cyfrowa dostępność i użyteczność sektora publicznego; środki z Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego oraz współfinansowania krajowego z budżetu państwa

Access:

Otwarty