Subtitle:

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 74 nr 2 (2022)

Publisher:

Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Place of publishing:

Kraków

Description:

ill. ; 25 cm

Type of object:

Journal/Article

Abstract:

Layers of the Namcheduri II settlement (Western Georgia) dated from the 5th-4th centuries BC have been studied by the palynological method. It revealed that cereals represented the main component of the population’s diet in the discussed period. The nutritive ratio included chestnut, hazel, walnut, and grapes. The majority of the plants apparently used for medical purposes represent medicinal remedies against rheumatism, arthritis, and diarrhea. Presumably, malaria, diabetes, and epilepsy occurred rarely since the medicinal remedies used against them were poorly evidenced. Plenty of eggs of parasitic worms discovered in the group of non-pollen palynomorphs in some samples and their taxonomic variety indicates at wide spreading of helminthosis in the population in the period under discussion. Eggs of Trichuris trichuira, Ascaris lumbricoides, Capillaria, Enterobius vermicularis, Yokogava fluke were present. The abundance and diversity of eggs of parasitic worms in the obtained material gives grounds for supposition that this part of the settlement was used as a latrine.

References:

Adams M., Schneider S. V., Kluge M., Kessler M. and Hamburger M. 2012. Epilepsy in the Renaissance: A survey of remedies from 16th and 17th century Germanherbals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 143, 1-13.
Adnan M. and Hölscher D. 2010. Medicinal Plant Abundance in Degraded and Reforested, Sites in Northwest Pakistan. Mountain Research and Development 30/1, 25–32.
Alarcόn R., Pardo-de-Santayana M., Priestley C., Morales R. and Heinrich M. 2015. Medicinal and local food plants in the south of Alava (Basque Country, Spain). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 176, 207-224.
Al-Snafi A. E. 2015a. The pharmacological importance of Centaurea cyanus – a review. International Journal of Pharmacy Review & Research 5/4, 379-384.
Al-Snafi A. E. 2015b. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Chenopodium album – an overview. International Journal of Pharmacological Screening Methods 5, 10-17.
Allen D. E. and Hatfield G. 2004. Medicinal plants in folk tradition. Portland, Cambridge: Timber Press.
Altundađ E. and Özhatay N. F. 2009. Local names of some useful plants from Iđdýr province (East-Anatolia). Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University 40, 102-115.
Araújo Y., Ferreira. L. F. and Confalonieri U. 1981. A contribution to the study of helminth findings in archaeological material in Brazil. Review Bras Biology 14, 873-881.
Asgarpanah J. and Mohajerani R. 2012. Phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Urtica dioica L. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 6/46, 5714-5719.
Asgarpanah J. and Rochi E. 2012. Phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Equisetum arvence L. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 6/21, 3689-3693.
Baydoun S., Lamis C., Helenaa D. and Nellya A. 2015. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by the communities of Mount Hermon, Lebanon. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 173, 139-156.
Bibi S., Sultana J., Sultana H. and Malik R.N. 2014. Ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants in the highlands of Soan Valley, Salt Range, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 155, 352-361.
Bitadze L., Chitanava D., Laliashvili Sh., Kvavadze E. and Zubalashvili T. 2011. Questions of Ethnic Entity of the Population of Kartli Region and Changes of Anthropological Type from III Millenium B.C. Trough XX Cent. A.D. Tbilisi: Meridiani Press (in Georgian).
Black S. 2004. Medicinal plant names-sample excerpt; http://www.naturalhealthwizards.com
Bouchet F., Guidon N., Dittmar K., Harter S., Ferreira L. F., Chaves S. M., Reinhard K. and Araujo A. 2003. Parasite remains in archaeological sites. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 98, 47-52.
Brinkkemper O. and van Haaster H. 2012. Eggs of intestinal parasites whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and mawworm (Ascaris): Non-pollen palynomorphs in archaeological samples. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 186, 16-21.
Bussmann R. W., Paniagua Zambrana N. Y., Sikharulidze S., Kikvidze Z., Kikodze D., Tchelidze D., Batsatsashvili K. and Robbie H. E. 2016. Medicinal and Food Plants of Svaneti and Lechkhumi, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 5, 266.
Chandra S. and Rawat D.S. 2015. Medicinal plants of the family Caryophyllaceae: a review of ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties. Integrative Medicine Research 4, 123-131.
Chaves M. and Reinhard K.J. 2003. Paleopharmacology and pollen: theory, method, and application. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 98/1, 207-211.
Chichinadze M., Kvavadze E., Kacharava D., Akhvlediani D. and Kvirkvelia G. 2012. Palynological characteristics of organic remains of Burial no. 22 from the site of the ancient settlement Vani. Proceeding of Natural and Prehistoric Section, Georgian National Museum 4, 95-108 (in Georgian).
Chichinadze M., Kvavadze E. and Martkoplishvili I. 2017. Environmental conditions at the Vani Site of the Classical period according to palynological data. Bulletin of The Georgian National Academy of Sciences 11/4, 112-118.
Chichinadze M., Kvavadze E., Martkoplishvili I. and Kacharava D. 2019. Palynological evidence for the use of honey in funerary rites during the Classical Period at the Vani. Quaternary Internation 507, 24-33.
Dahui L., Zaigui W., Xueshi L. and Yi. Y. 2012. Identification of the medicinal plant Dipsacus aspe-roides from three other species in genus Dipsacus (Dipsaceae) by internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA ITS). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 6/2, 289-299.
Dar P. A., Sofi G. and Jafri M. A. 2012. Polypodium vulgare Linn. a versatile herbal medicine: a review. International Journal of Pharmaceptical Sciences and Research 3/6, 1616-1620.
Demiray S., Pintado M. E. and Castro P. M. L. 2009. Evaluation of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of Turkish medicinal plants: Tilia argentea, Crataegi folium leaves and Polygonum bistorta roots. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering 3/6, 74-79.
DeForce K. 2017. The Interpretation of pollen assemblages from medieval and post-medieval cesspits: new results from northern Belgium. Quaternary International 460, 124-134.
Duke J. A., Bogenschutz-Godwin M. J. and Duke P. A. K. 2002. Handbook of Medicinal herbs, second edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Egamberdieva D., Mamadalieva N., Khodjimatov O. and Tiezzi. A. 2012. Medicinal plants from Chatkal Biosphere reserve used for folk medicine in Uzbekistan. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 7/1, 56-64.
Erdtman G. 1969. Handbook of Palynology. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
Fortini P., Di Marzio P., Guarrera P. M. and Iorizzi M. 2016. Ethnobotanical study on the medicinal plants in the Mainarde Mountains (central-southern Apennine, Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 284, 208-218.
Güler B., Manav E. and Uđurlu E. 2015. Medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Bozüyük (Bilecik–Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 173, 39-47.
Grimm E. C. 2016. Tilia 2.1.1. Springfield, USA: Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Centre.
Hatfield G. 2004. Encyclopedia of folk medicine: old world and new world traditions. California: ABC-CLIO.
Hayta S., Polat R. and Selvi S. 2014. Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Elazýđ (Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 154, 613-623.
Han E. T. S. M., Guk J. L. Kim H. J., Jeono S. N. and Chal J. Y. 2003. Detection of parasitic eggs from archaeological excavations in the Republic of Korea. Memories do Istituto Oswaldo Cruz 98 (Suppl. 1), 123-126.
Jabbar A., Zaman M. A., Iqbal Z., Yaseen M. and Shamim A. 2007. Anthelmintic activity of Chenopodium album (L) and Caesalpinia crista (L) against trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep. Journal of Ethnopharmacolgy 114, 86-91.
Jarić S., Mitrović M., Djurdjević L., Kostić O., Gajić G., Pavlović D. and Pavlović P. 2011. Phytotherapy in medieval Serbian medicine according to the pharmacological manuscripts of the Chilandar Medical Codex (15-16th centuries). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 137, 601-619.
Kakhidze A. 2001. Specimens of Classical bronze toreutics from Pichvnari (Georgia). In G. R.Tsetskhladze and J. G. de Boer (eds), The Black Sea Region in the Greek, Roman and Byzantine Periods (= Proceedings of the Duch Archaeological and Historical Society 32-33). Amsterdam: Talanta Duch Archaeological and Historical Society, 41-60
Kakhidze A. 2020. New archaeological finds at Pichvnari (November-December 2010). In N. Sekunda (ed), Wonders Lost and Found: A celebration of the archaeological work of Professor Michael Vickers. Oxford: Archaeopress Archaeology, 82-89.
Kiran K., Saleem F., Awan S., Ahmad S., Ahmad Sh., Arshad Malik M. A., Akhtar B., Raza M., Peerzada S. and Sharif A. 2018. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of Pteris cretica whole plant extracts. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 38/3, 225-230.
Khare C. P. 2007. Indian medicinal plants. An illustrated dictionary. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Kregiel D., Pawlikowska E. and Hubert A. 2018. Urtica spp: Ordinary plants with extraordinary properties. Molecules 23/7, 1664.
Kvavadze E. 2016. Palynological study of organic remains from the Ananauri Kurgan. In Z. Makharadze, N. Kalandadze and B. Murvanidze (eds), Ananauri Big Kurgan N3. Tbilisi: Georgian National Museum Press, 156-196.
Kvavadze E., Meshveliani T., Jakeli N. and Martkoplishvili I. 2011. Results of palynological investigation of the material taken in the Cave Satsurblia in 2010. In A. Vekua (ed.), Proceedings of Natural Sciences and Prehistory Section. Georgian National Museum 3, 35-50 (in Georgian).
Kvavadze E., Martkoplishvili I., Chichinadze M., Rukhadze L., Kakhiani K., Jalabadze M. and Koridze I. 2013. Palynological and paleobotanical data about Bronze Age medicinal plants from archaeological sites in Georgia. Proceedings of the Georgian National Museum, Natural Sciences and Prehistory Section 5, 36-49.
Kvavadze E., Gambashidze I., Mindiashvili G. and Gogochuri G. 2007. The firs find in southern Georgia of fossil honey from Bronze Age, based on palynological data. Vegetation History and Archaebotany 16, 399-404.
Kvavadze E., Bitadze L., Narimanishvili G., Kakhiani K., Jalabadze M., Koridze I., Rukhadze L., Chichinadze M., Martkoplishvili I. and Laliashvili Sh. 2010a. The Bronze Age first-kit, according to palaeobotanical data from archaeological sites in Georgia. Abstract os 15th Simpozium of IWGE, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 54.
Kvavadze E., Boschian G., Chichinadze M., Gagoshidze I., Gavagnin K., Martkoplishvili I. and Rova E. 2019. Palynological and Archaeological Evidence for Ritual Use of Wine in the Kura-Araxes Period at Aradetis Orgora (Georgia, Caucasus). Journal of Field Archaeology, 44/8, 500-522.
Kvavadze E. and Chichinadze M. 2020. Palynological analysis of organic materials from Pichvnari (including the earliest silk in Georgia). In N. Sekunda (ed), Wonders Lost and Found: A celebration of the archaeological work of Professor Michael Vickers. Oxford: Archaeopress Archaeology, 102-107.
Kvavadze E., Jalabadze M., Koridze I., Rusishvili N., Chichinadze M. and Martkoplishvili I. 2014. The results of the palynological researches of the habitation layers and the vessels at the settlements of Gadachrili Gora and Shulaveri (on the basis of the materials obtained in 2007). Proceedings of the Georgian National Museum, Natural Sciences and Prehistory Section 6, 20-32 (in Georgian).
Kvavadze E., Jalabadze M. and Sagona A. 2016. Tetritskaro (Nadarbazevi) Burial Mound 2: Bread, Ruck and the Bedeni Period. In G. Narimanishvili (ed), Proceedings of the International Workshop: Aegean World and South Caucasus. Tbilisi: Mtsignobari, 128-138.
Kvavadze E., Jalabadze M. and Shakulashvili N. 2010b. Arguments indicating the presence of wine in Neolithic pots from Georgia using the method of palynology and chemical analysis. Proceedings of 33rd World Congress of Vine and Wine 8th General Assembly of the OIV 20-25 Jun., Tbilisi (OIV online).
Kvavadze E. and Martkoplishvili I. 2018. The significance of pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs in archaeological material for human paleodiet reconstruction. In Context and Connection, Studies on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honour of Antonio Sagona. Batmaz et al. (eds). Leuven: Peeters, 751-769.
Kvavadze E., Martkoplishvili I. and Chichinadze M. 2020. Ancient Human Activities and Environment: Palynological Data from Early Bronze Age of Georgia, Caucasus. Tbilisi: Sezanne Printing House.
Kvavadze E. and Narimanishvili G. 2006. An experimental approach to the palynology of remains from Middle Bronze Age burials in Saphar-Kharaba, southern Georgia. Abstracts of the 7th European Palaeobotany-Palynology Conference, Prague: National Museum, 77-78.
Kvavadze E., Sagona A., Martkoplishvili I., Chichinadze M., Jalabadze M. and Koridze I. 2015. The hidden side of ritual: New palynological data from Early Bronze Age Georgia, the Southern Caucasus. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 2, 235-245.
Kültür S. 2007. Medicinal plants used in Kýrklareli Province (Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111, 341-364.
Le Bailly M. and Bouchet F. 2006. Paléoparasitologie et immunologie: L’exemple d’Entamoeba histolytica. ArcheoSciences: Revue d’Archéométrie 30, 129-135.
Leroi-Gourhan A.1975. The Flowers Found with Shanidar IV, a Neanderthal Burial in Iraq. Science 190 (4214), 562-564.
Lietava J. 1992. Medicinal plants in a Middle Paleolithic grave Shanidar IV? Journal of Ethnopharmacology 35/3, 263-266.
Ledger M., Rowan E., Sigmier J.H., SarKis N., Redzios S., Cahill, N.D. and Mitchell P.D. 2020. Intestinal parasitic infection in the Eastern Roman Empire during the Imperial Period and Late Antiquity. American Journal of Archaeology 124/4, 631-657.
Martkoplishvili I. and Kvavadze E. 2015. Some popular medicinal plants and diseases of the Upper Palaeolithic in Western Georgia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 166, 42-52.
Matsui M. S., Muizzuddi N., Arad S. and Marenus K. 2003. Sulfated Polysaccharides from Red Microalgae Have Antiinflammatory Properties In Vitro and In Vivo. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 104(1), 13-22. doi:10.1385/abab:104:1:13.
McGovern P., Jalabadze M., Batiuk S., Callahan M.P., Smith K.E., Hall G.R., Kvavadze E., Maghradze D., Rusishvili N., Bouby L., Failla O., Cola G., Mariani L., Boaretto E., Bacilieri R., This P., Wales N., and D. Lordkipanidze. 2017. Early Neolithic wine of Georgia in the South Caucasus. Proceedings of the National Academy of the United States of America 114(48), www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1714728114.
Mannan M.M., Maridass M. and Victor B. 2008 A Review on the Potential Uses of Ferns. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12, 281-285.
Menale B. and Muoio R. 2014. Use of medicinal plants in the South-Eastern area of the Partenio Region Park (Campania, Southern Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 153, 297-307.
Meuninck J. 2013. Edible Wild Plants and Useful Herbs. Guilford, Connecticut: FalconGuides.
Molina M., Reyes-Garcia V. and Padro-de-Santayana M. 2009. Local Knowledge and Management of the Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis L.) in Northem Spain: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation. American Fern Journal 99/1, 45-55.
Merlin M.D. 2003. Archaeological evidence for the tradition of psychoactive plant use in the Old World. Economic Botany 57/1, 295-323.
Mikeladze T. K. and Khakhutaisvili D. A. 1985. Drevnekolkhidskoe poselenie Namcheduri. Tbilisi: Matsniereba.
Moore P. D., Webb J. A. and Collinson M. E. 1991. Pollen Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Nakhutsrishvili G. S. 1999. The vegetation of Georgia (Caucasus). Braun-Blanquetia 15, 1-68.
Nakhutsrishvili G. 2013. The vegetation of Georgia (South Caucasus). Berlin: Springer.
Norn S., Permin H., Kruse P. and R. Kruse E. 2009. From willow bark to acetylsalicylic acid (in Danish). Dansk Medicin historisk Årbog 37, 79-98.
Oeggl K. 2008. The significance of the Tyrolean Iceman for the archaeobotany of Central Europe. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 18/1, 1-11.
Papp N., Czégényi D., Hegedűs A., Morschhauser T., Quave C.L., Cianfaglione K. and Pieroni A. 2014. The uses of Betula pendula Roth among Hungarian Csángós and Székelys in Transylvania, Romania. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 83/2, 113-122.
Pokorny P. and Marik J. 2006 . The find honey – sweetened cereals food residues from Early Medieval burial site near Libice nad Cidlinou: evaluation of the find from the point of landscape and vegetation reconstruction (in Czech, with English summary). Archeologické rozhledy 57, 559-569.
Polat R., Cakilcioglu U., Kaltaliođlu K., Ulusan M.D. and Türkmen Z. 2015. An ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants in Espiye and its surrounding (Giresun-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 163, 1-11.
Quattrocchi U. 2012. CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Rivera D., Matilla G., Obon C. and Alcaraz F. 2012a. Plants and humans in the Near East and the Caucasus 1. Servicio de Publicaciones. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia.
Rivera D., Matilla G., Obon C. and Alcaraz F. 2012b. Plants and humans in the Near East and the Caucasus. Vol.2. Servicio de Publicaciones. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia.
Rösch E. 1999. Evaluation of honey residues from Iron Age hill-top sites in south-western Germany: implications for local and regional land use and vegetation dynamics. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 8, 105-112.
Rösch M. 2005. Pollen analysis of the contents of excavated vessels – direct archaeobotanical evidence of beverages. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 14, 179-188.
Said O., Khalil K., Fulder S. and Azaizeh H. 2002. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Israel, the Golan Heights and the West Bank region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 83, 251-265.
Shumilovskikh L., Seeliger M., Feuser S., Novenko E., Schlurc, F., Pint A., Pirson F. and Bruckner H. 2016. The harbor of Elaia: A palynological archive for human environmental interactions during last 7500 years. Quaternary Science Reviews 149, 167-187.
Uphof J. C. Th. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants. 2nd Ed. New York: Strechert-Hafner.
van Geel B. 1998. In M. L van Hoeve and M. Hendrikse (eds), A Study of Non-pollen Objects in Pollen Slides (The Types as Described by Dr Bas Van Geel and Colleagues). Utrecht: Laboratory of Palynology and Palaeobotany.
Vetter J. 2010. Toxicological and medicinal aspects of the most frequent fern species Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. In A. Kumar, H. Fernández and M. Angeles Revilla (eds), Working with ferns: Issues and applications: Springer Science + Business Media, L.L.C., 361-375.
Vickers M. and Kakhidze A.1999. Pichvnari, Ajarian AR, Georgia 1999. Anatolian Archaeology 5, 11-12.
Vickers M. and Kakhidze A. 2006. Pichvnari. Results of Excavations conducted by the Joint British-Georgian Pichvnari Expedition. Volume I. Pichvnari 1998-2002. Greeks and Colchians on the East Coast of the Black Sea. American Journal of Archaeology 111/2.
Wiersema J.H. and León B. 2013. World Economic Plants. London: Taylor & Francis Group.
Yadav N., Vasudeva N., Singh S. and Sharma S. K. 2007. Medicinal properties of genus Chenopodium Linn. Natural product Radiance 6/2, 131-134.
Zazanashvili N., Gagnidze R. and Nakhutsrishvili G. 2000. Main types of vegetation zonation on the mountains of the Caucasus. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 85, 7-16.
Zlatović K. B., Bogosavljević S. S. and Radivojević R. A. 2014. Traditional use of the native medicinal plant resource of Mt. Rtanj (Eastern Serbia): ethnobotanical evaluation and comparison. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 151, 704-713.

Relation:

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

Volume:

74

Issue:

2

Start page:

29

End page:

51

Detailed Resource Type:

Article

Format:

application/octet-stream

Resource Identifier:

oai:rcin.org.pl:238650 ; 0081-3834 ; doi:10.23858/SA/74.2022.2.2777

Source:

IAiE PAN, call no. P 244 ; IAiE PAN, call no. P 245 ; IAiE PAN, call no. P 243 ; click here to follow the link

Language:

eng

Rights:

Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license

Terms of use:

Copyright-protected material. [CC BY 4.0] May be used within the scope specified in Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license, full text available at: ; -

Digitizing institution:

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Original in:

Library of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Access:

Open