Subtitle:

Przegląd Geograficzny T. 94 z. 3 (2022)

Publisher:

IGiPZ PAN

Place of publishing:

Warszawa

Description:

24 cm

Abstract:

The aim of this article is to review definitions of “resilience”, including regional and urban resilience, as well as to describe the interpretations of the terms. An effort is also made to identify the approaches taken to strengthen resilience in practice, as well as research approaches. Relevant literature is reviewed, and schools of thoughts regarding adaptability are also indicated. The review of the definitions of resilience shows how many emphasise the existence of external threats which it is first and foremost important for socio-ecological systems to withstand, before being in a position to mitigate effects, adapt to new circumstances, and also undergo transformation. Only less often is attention paid to internal factors that may lead to disturbances, but also favour or force reorganisation of a system. Newer definitions also highlight component elements of systems, such as individuals, households and communities; while highlighting issues of social inclusion. Notions of regional resilience most often relate to the economy, while definitions of urban resilience more often invoke urban functions and systems (including infrastructure aimed at preventing negative natural phenomena), as well as covering social issues. The literature in essence offers three distinguishable interpretations in resilience studies. These are important insofar as the acceptance of the appropriate one determines further research procedure, and even conclusions as to what is or is not a resilient system. It is engineering resilience, ecological resilience and evolutionary resilience that can be identified. Initially, it was the engineering-related interpretation that dominated in resilience research, even as today use is often made of a systemic approach referring to the interpretation of evolutionary (adaptive) resilience. On the other hand, transformational abilities are more and more often indicated as features of key importance to the building of resilient socio-ecological systems. Review of the literature on resilience shows that, among the approaches of practical value to its strengthening it is possible to distinguish such approaches as those involving disaster risk reduction, climate-change adaptation, social-ecological aspects, complex adaptive systems, livelihood, and agencies and institutions. Among the research approaches taken to the concept of resilience, it is possible to distinguish the equilibrium-related, systems perspectives, path dependence and the long view. And where schools of thought are concerned, there is a human capital agglomeration view; and industrial structure, economic variety and innovation approach considered along with the application of digital technologies in smart cities; and a third school putting the emphasis on institutions.

References:

100 Resilient Cities. (2019). https://www.100resilientcities.org/ (10.08.2019).
ACF-International. (2013). Enhancing resilience to shocks and stresses. Briefing Paper. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/34093_34093acf2013resiliencetoshockandstr.pdf (19.07.2022).
Adger, N. (2010). An interview with Neil Adger: resilience, adaptability, localization and transition. https://www.transitionculture.org/2010/03/26/an-interview-with-neil-adger-resilience-adaptability-localisation-and-transition/ (19.07.2022).
AGIR. (2013). Regional roadmap. Global Alliance for Resilience. Pobrane z: https://www.oecd.org/swac/publications/AGIR%20roadmap_EN_FINAL.pdf (19.07.2022).
Alexander, D.E. (2013). Resilience and disaster risk reduction: An etymological journey. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13(11), 2707‑2716.
Antonietti, R., & Boschma, R. (2018). Social capital, resilience and regional diversification in Italy. Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography, 18(4), 1‑29.
Arup and The Rockefeller Foundation. (2016). City Resilience Index: Understanding and Measuring City Resilience. https://www.arup.com/perspectives/publications/research/section/city-resilience-index (19.07.2022).
Ashby, J., Cox, D., McInroy, N., & Southworth, D. (2009). An International Perspective of Local Government as Steward of Local Economic Resilience. Manchester: Centre for Local Economic Strategies.
Béné, C., Mehta, L., McGranahan, G., Cannon, T., Gupte, J., & Tanner, T. (2018). Resilience as a policy narrative: Potentials and limits in the context of urban planning. Climate and Development, 10, 116‑133. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2017.1301868
Béné, Ch., Wood, R.G., Newsham, A.J., & Davies, M. (2012). Resilience: New utopia or new tyranny? Reflection about the potentials and limits of the concept of resilience in relation to vulnerability reduction programmes. IDS Working Papers, 405, 1‑61.
van Bergeijk, P.A.G., Brakman, S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2017). Heterogeneous economic resilience and the great recession's world trade collapse. Papers in Regional Science, 96(1), 3‑12. https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12279
Boschma, R.A., & Martin, R. (2010). The Aims and Scope of Evolutionary Economic Geography (s. 1‑46). W: R.A. Boschma, R. Martin (red.), The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Boschma, R. (2015). Towards an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience. Regional Studies, 49(5), 733‑751. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.959481
Briguglio, L., Cordina, G., Bugeja, S., & Farrugia, N. (2007). Conceptualizing and Measuring Economic Resilience. Malta: University of Malta.
Briguglio, L., Cordina, G., Farrugia, N., & Vella, S. (2009). Economic vulnerability and resilience: Concepts and measurements. Oxford Development Studies, 37(3), 229‑247. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600810903089893
Bristow, G., & Healy, A. (2014). Building resilient regions: Complex adaptive systems and the role of policy intervention. Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 72, 93‑102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13147-014-0280-0
Bristow, G., & Healy, A. (2014). Regional resilience: an agency perspective. Regional Studies, 48, 923‑935. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.854879
Bristow, G., & Healy, A. (2015). Crisis response, choice and resilience: Insights from complexity thinking. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(2), 241‑256. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsv002
Bristow, G., & Healy, A. (red.). (2020). Handbook on Regional Economic Resilience. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Brown, A., Dayal, A., & Rumbaitis Del Rio, C. (2012). From practice to theory: Emerging lessons from Asia for building urban climate change resilience. Environment and Urbanization, 24(2), 531‑556. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247812456490
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart Cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 65‑82.
Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Anderies, J.M., & Abel, N. (2001). From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what? Ecosystems, 4, 765‑781.
Celińska-Janowicz, D., & Płoszaj, A. (2015). Rola samorządów w kształtowaniu potencjału adaptacyjnego lokalnych układów społeczno-gospodarczych - przykład Mazowsza. W: D. Celińska-Janowicz, A. Płoszaj (red.), Rozwój lokalny w turbulentnym otoczeniu: mazowieckie samorządy wobec wyzwań adaptacyjności (s. 4‑52). Warszawa: Mazowiecka Jednostka Wdrażania Programów Unijnych, MGG Conferences Sp. z o.o.
Chelleri, L., & Baravikova, A. (2021). Understandings of urban resilience meanings and principles across Europe. Cities, 108, 1‑12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102985
Christopherson, S., Michie, J., & Tyler, P. (2010). Regional resilience: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 3‑10. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsq004
Churski, P., Borowczak, A., Dolata, M., Dominiak, J., Hauke, J., Perdał, R., & Konecka-Szydłowska, B. (2014). Zróżnicowanie wpływu światowej koniunktury gospodarczej w ukladzie obszarów wzrostu i obszarów stagnacji. Badanie wpływu światowej koniunktury gospodarczej (w tym zjawiska kryzysu gospodarczego) na poszczególne aspekty rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego, Raport V. Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza.
Cooke, Ph. (2012). Complex Adaptive Innovation Systems: Relatedness and Transversality in the Evolving Region. London: Routledge.
Cowell, M.M. (2013). Bounce back or move on: Regional resilience and economic development planning. Cities, 30, 212‑222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.04.001
Cutter, S.L., Barnes, L., Berry, Burton, Ch., Evans, E., Tate, E., & Webb, J. (2008). A place-based Model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18, 598‑606. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GLOENVCHA.2008.07.013
David, P.A. (2001). Path dependence, its critics and the quest for 'Historical Economics. W: P. Garrouste, S. Ioannides, (red.), Evolution and Path Dependence in Economic Ideas: Past and Present (s. 15‑40). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Davies, S. (2011). Regional resilience in the 2008‑2010 downturn: Comparative evidence from European countries. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 4(3), 369‑382. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsr019
Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L.J., Quinlan, A.E., Peterson, G.D., Wilkinson, C., Fünfgeld, H., McEvoy, D., Porter, L., & Davoudi, S. (2012). Resilience: A Bridging Concept or a Dead End? Reframing Resilience: Challenges for Planning Theory and Practice. Interacting Traps: Resilience Assessment of a Pasture Management System in Northern Afghanistan. Urban Resilience: What Does it Mean in Planning Practice? Resilience as a Useful Concept for Climate Change Adaptation? The Politics of Resilience for Planning: A Cautionary Note. Planning Theory & Practice, 13(2), 299‑333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2012.677124
Dawley, S., Pike, A., & Tomaney, J. (2010). Towards the resilient region? Policy activism and peripheral region development. SERC Discussion Paper, 53, Newcastle.
Diodato, D., & Weterings, A. (2020). Putting adaptive resilience to work: measuring regional re-orientation using a matching model (s. 171‑189). W: G., Bristow, A. Healy (red.), Handbook on Regional Economic Resilience. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Dolega, L., Celińska-Janowicz, D. (2015). Retail resilience: A theoretical framework for understanding town centre dynamics. Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, 60(2), 8‑31.
Domański, R. (2005). Model ewolucyjnego rozwoju miast i regionów. W: Studia regionalne w Polsce: teoria, polityka, projektowanie (s. 19‑36). Prace Naukowe Akademii Ekonomicznej w Katowicach.
Domański, R. (2008). Teoretyczne podstawy ewolucyjnych modeli aglomeracji miejskich. W: T. Marszał (red.), Rola polskich aglomeracji wobec wyzwań strategii lizbońskiej (s. 47‑73). Studia KPZK PAN, 120.
Domański, R. (2018). Równowaga, nierównowaga i adaptacja. Inspiracje dla gospodarki przestrzennej. W: P. Churski (red.), Teoretyczne i aplikacyjne wyzwania współczesnej geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej (s. 57‑66). Studia KPZK PAN, 183.
Drobniak, A., & Brandenburg, H. (red.). (2012). Urban economic resilience - new concept for post-industrial city transition. Journal of Economics and Management, 10, University of Economics in Katowice.
Drobniak, A. (2012). The urban resilience - economic perspective. Journal of Economics and Management, 10, 5‑20.
Drobniak, A. (2013). Urban resilience - nowa perspektywa badawcza rozwoju miast. Studia KPZK PAN, 153, 204‑221.
Drobniak, A. (red.). (2014). Urban resilience concept and post-industrial cities in Europe. Katowice: Helion.
Drobniak, A. (2015). Koncepcja urban resilience: narzędzie strategicznej diagnozy i monitoringu miast. Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 127(1), 119‑143.
Elmqvist, T. (2014). Urban resilience thinking. Solutions, 5(5), 26‑30.
Figueiredo, L., Honiden, T., & Schumann, A. (2018). Indicators for Resilient Cities. OECD Regional Development Working Papers, 2018/02, Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/6f1f6065-en
Fingleton, B., Garretsen, H., & Martin, R. (2012). Recessionary shocks and regional employment: Evidence on the resilience of U.K. regions. Journal of Regional Science, 52(1), 109‑133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2011.00755.x
Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 253‑267.
Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L.H., Holling, C.S., & Walker, B. (2002). Resilience and sustainable development: Building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations. Scientific Background Paper on Resilience for the Process of the World Summit on Sustainable Development on Behalf of the Environmental Advisory Council to the Swedish Government.
Folke, C., Carpenter, S.R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T., & Rockström, J. (2010). Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 20.
Fonagy, P., Steele, M., & Steele, H. (1994). The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 1992: The theory and practice of resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(2), 231‑257.
Foster, K.A. (2007). A Case Study Approach to Understanding Regional Resilience. Working Paper 2007‑08, Berkeley: Institute of Urban and Regional Development.
Frenken, K., van Oort, F., & Verburg, T. (2007). Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Regional Studies, 41(5), 685‑697. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601120296
Glaeser, E. (2011). Triumph of the City: How Urban Spaces make us Human. London: Macmillan.
Goldstein, B.E., Wessells, T.A., Lejano, R., & Butler, W. (2015). Narrating resilience: Transforming urban systems through collaborative storytelling. Urban Studies, 52, 1285‑1303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013505653
Gunderson, L. (2000). Ecological resilience - in theory and application. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 31, 425‑439.
Gwosdz, K. (2014). Pomiędzy starą a nową ścieżką rozwojową. Mechanizmy ewolucji struktury gospodarczej i przestrzennej regionu tradycyjnego przemysłu na przykładzie konurbacji katowickiej po 1989 roku. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
Hassink, R. (2010). Regional resilience: A promising concept to explain differences in regional economic adaptability? Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy And Society, 3(1), 45‑58. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsp033
Hayter, R. (2004). Economic geography as dissenting institutionalism: the embeddedness, evolution and differentiation of regions. Geografisker Annaler B, 86, 95‑115.
Hill, E.W., Wial, H., & Wolman, H. (2008). Exploring Regional Economic Resilience. Working Paper 2008‑04, Berkeley: Institute of Urban and Regional Development.
Hollands, R.G. (2015). Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 61‑77. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu011
Holling, C.S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 2‑23.
Holling, C.S. (1996). Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience (s. 31‑44). W: P.C. Schulze (red.), Engineering within ecological constraints. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
Holling, C.S., & Gunderson, L.H. (2002). Resilience and adaptive cycles (s. 25‑62). W: L.H. Gunderson, & C.S. Holling, (red.), Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Washington D.C.: Island Press.
Holling, C.S., Gunderson, L.H, & Peterson, G.D. (2002). Sustainability and panarchies (s. 63‑102). W: L.H. Gunderson, C.S. Holling, (red.), Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Washington D.C.: Island Press.
Hopkins, R. (2008). The Transition Handbook: From Oil Dependency to Local Resilience. Chelsea: Green Books.
Hu, X., & Hassink, R. (2017). Exploring adaptation and adaptability in uneven economic resilience: a tale of two Chinese mining regions. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10, 527‑541. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsx012
ICLEI. (2015). ICLEI Resilient Cities Agenda 2015. Pobrane z: http://www.iclei.org/activities/agendas/resilientcity.html
Klein, R.J.T., Nicholls, R.J., & Thomalla, F. (2003). Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept? Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 5, 35‑45.
Konecka-Szydłowska, B. (2018). Rozwój małych miast powiatowych województwa wielkopolskiego w ujęciu koncepcji urban resilience. Space-Society-Economy, 24, 27‑44.
Kummitha, R.K.R., & Crutzen, N. (2017). How do we understand smart cities? An evolutionary perspective. Cities, 67, 43‑52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.04.010
Łaźniewska, E. (2019). Opportunity Space for Regional Economic Growth and Economic Resilience. Diversification of Polish Regional Space. Biuletyn KPZK PAN, 273, 29‑43.
Martin, R., (2010). Roepke lecture in economic geography - rethinking regional path dependence: Beyond lock-in to evolution. Economic Geography, 86, 1‑27.
Martin, R. (2012). Regional economic resilience, hysteresis and recessionary shocks. Journal of Economic Geography, 12(1), 1‑32. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbr019
Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2006). Path dependence and regional economic evolution. Journal of Economic Geography, 6, 395‑437. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbl012
Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2007). Complexity Thinking and Evolutionary Economic Geography. Journal of Economic Geography, 7(5), 573‑601.
Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2010). The Place of Path Dependence in an Evolutionary Perspective on the Economic Landscape. W: R. Boschma, R. Martin, (red.), Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography. Chichester: Edward Elgar.
Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2015). On the notion of regional economic resilience: Conceptualization and explanation. Journal of Economic Geography, 15(1), 1‑42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu015
Martin, R., Sunley, P., Gardiner, B., & Tyler, P. (2016). How regions react to recessions: Resilience and the role of economic structure. Regional Studies, 50, 561‑585.
Masik, G. (2017). Koncepcje i badania odporności gospodarczej regionów. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 477, 154‑162.
Masik, G., (2018). An agency perspective of resilience: the case of Pomorskie region. European Planning Studies, 26(5), 1060‑1077. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1436700
Masik, G. (2019). Sektory gospodarcze w badaniach odporności ekonomicznej regionów. Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego, 33(1), 117‑129. http://doi.org/10.24917/20801653.331.9
Masik, G. (2021). Działania wzmacniające odporność miast wojewódzkich i regionów w Polsce. Samorząd Terytorialny, 7/8, 90‑104.
Masik, G., & Gajewski, R., (2021). Working towards urban capacity and resilience strategy implementation: Adaptation plans and strategies in Polish cities. Cities, 119, 1‑10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103381
Masik, G., Sagan, I., & Scott, J.W. (2021). Smart City strategies and new urban development policies in the Polish context. Cities, 108, 1‑9. https;//doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102970
Masik, G., & Stępień, J. (2021). Smart local governance: the case of the Gdańsk-Gdynia-Sopot Metropolitan Area in Poland. Journal of Urban Technology (online first). https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2021.1930841
Masik, G., & Studzińska, D. (2018). Ewolucja koncepcji i badania miasta inteligentnego. Przegląd Geograficzny, 90(4), 557‑571. http://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.4.2
Meerow, S., Newell, J.P., & Stults, M. (2016). Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 147, 38‑49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011
Mierzejewska, L., & Wdowicka, M. (2018). City resilience vs. resilient city: terminological intricacies and concept inaccuracies. Quaestiones Geographicae, 37(2), 7‑15.
Miller, F., Osbahr, H., Boyd, E., Thomalla, F., Bharwani, S., Ziervogel, G., Walker, B., Birkmann, J., Van der Leeuw, S., Rockström, J., Hinkel, J., Downing, T., Folke, C., & Nelson, D. (2010). Resilience and vulnerability: complementary or conflicting concepts? Ecology and Society, 15(3), 11.
Palekiene, O., Simanaviciene, Z., & Bruneckiene, J. (2015). The application of resilience concept in the regional development context. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 179‑184.
Pendall, R., Foster, K., & Cowell, M. (2010). Resilience and regions: building understanding of the metaphor. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 71‑84. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsp028
Pike, A., Dawley, S., & Tomaney, J. (2010). Resilience, adaptation and adaptability. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 59‑70. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsq001
Reggiani, A., De Graaf, T., & Nijkamp, P. (2002). Resilience: an evolutionary approach to spatial economic systems. Networks and Spatial Economics, 2, 211‑229.
Resilience Alliance. (2009). Assessing and managing resilience in social-ecological systems: a practitioner's workbook, version 1.0. Pobrane z: http://wiki.resalliance.org/index.php/Main_Page (19.07.2022).
Resilient Europe. (2016). Ready for the future? Urban resilience in practice. Pobrane z: http://urbact.eu/ready-future-urban-resilience-practice (19.07.2022).
ResilientCity.org. (2020). Resilient City. Pobrane z: http://ResilientCity.org (19.07.2022).
Sagan, I., & Masik, G. (2014). Economic resilience. The case study of Pomorskie Region. Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 72(2), 153‑164.
Santos, F.T., & Partidário, M.R. (2011). SPARK: Strategic Planning Approach for Resilience Keeping. European Planning Studies, 19(8), 1517‑1536. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2011.533515
Schumpeter, J.A. (2009). Kapitalizm, socjalizm, demokracja. Warszawa: PWN.
Simmie, J., & Martin, R. (2010). The economic resilience of regions: towards an evolutionary approach. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 27‑43. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsp029
Smętkowski, M. (2015). Zróżnicowanie i dynamika rozwoju regionów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w okresie prosperity i kryzysu (s. 37‑52). W: Z. Zioło, T. Rachwał (red.), Przemiany struktur przemysłu i usług w układach regionalnych. Kraków: Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne - Komisja Geografii Przemysłu, UP w Krakowie, 29(2).
Speranza, Ch.I, Wiesmann, U., & Rist, S. (2014). An indicator framework for assessing livelihood resilience in the context of social - ecological dynamics. Global Environmental Change, 28, 109‑119.
Storper, M. (2013). The Keys to the City: How Economics, Institutions, Social Interactions, and Politics Shape Development. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Sunley, P., Martin, R., & Tyler, P. (2017). Cities in transition: problems, processes and policies. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10, 383‑390. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsx018
Szlachta, J., & Zaucha, J. (2014). Dorobek z zakresu polityki regionalnej (s. 47‑71). W: K. Gawlikowska-Hueckel, J. Szlachta, (red.), Wrażliwość polskich regionów na wyzwania współczesnej gospodarki. Implikacje dla polityki rozwoju regionalnego. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer.
Tarnawska, K. (2014). Analiza determinant rozwoju regionalnego w świetle ewolucyjnej geografii ekonomicznej. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 67, 350‑358.
UN-Habitat. (2020). Urban Resilience Hub. http://urbanresiliencehub.org/(19.07.2022).
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2019). https://www.unisdr.org/(19.07.2022).
USAID. (2019). Resilience Resources. https://www.usaid.gov/resilience/resources (19.07.2022).
Walker, B., Carpenter, S., Anderies, J., Abel, N., Cumming, G.S., Janssen, M., Lebel, L., Norberg, J., Peterson, G.D., & Pritchard, R. (2002). Resilience Management in Social-ecological Systems: A Working Hypothesis for a Participatory Approach. Conservation Ecology, 6, 1‑14. https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol6/iss1/art14/ (19.07.2022).
Walker, B.H., Holling, C.S., Carpenter, S.R, & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2,) 5. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss2/art5/ (19.07.2022).
Walker, B., Salt, D., & Reid, W. (2006). Resilience thinking: Sustaining ecosystems and people in a changing world. Washington DC: Island Press.
Webber, D.J., Healy, A., & Bristow, G. (2018). Regional Growth Paths and Resilience: A European Analysis. Economic Geography, 94(4), 355‑375. https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2017.1419057
Weichselgartner, J., & Kelman, I. (2015). Geographies of resilience. Challenges and opportunities of a descriptive concept. Progress in Human Geography, 39(3), 249‑267. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132513518834
Welsh, M. (2014). Resilience and responsibility: governing uncertainty in a complex world. The Geographical Journal, 180(1), 15‑26. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12012
World Bank. (2013). Building Resilience: Integrating Climate and Disaster Risk into Development. Washington. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16639 (19.07.2022).
Wu, J., & Wu, T. (2013). Ecological resilience as a foundation for urban design and sustainability (s. 211‑230). W: S.T.A., Pickett, M.L., Cadenasso, B., McGrath (red.), Resilience in ecology and urban design: Linking theory and practice for sustainable cities. Dordrecht: Springer.
Yu, D.J., Suresh, P., Rao, C., Klinkhamer, C.J., Krueger, E.H., Sangwan, N., & Sung, K. (2016). Aligning Different Schools of Thought on Resilience of Complex Systems and Networks (s. 1‑9). W: IRGC Resource Guide on Resilience. Lausanne: EPFL International Risk Governance Center.
Zakrzewska-Półtorak, A. (2015). Odporność gospodarki regionalnej i miejskiej na wstrząsy w świetle ewolucyjnej geografii ekonomicznej. Studia KPZK PAN, 164, 108‑119.
Zaucha, J., Ciołek, D., Brodzicki, T., & Głazek, E. (2014). Wrażliwość polskich regionów na wyzwania gospodarki globalnej (s. 206‑244). W: K., Gawlikowska-Hueckel, & J., Szlachta, (red.), Wrażliwość polskich regonów na wyzwania współczesnej gospodarki. Implikacje dla polityki rozwoju regionalnego. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer.
Zhang, X., & Li, H. (2018). Urban resilience and urban sustainability: What we know and what do not know? Cities, 72, 141‑148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.009
Zolli, A., & Healy, A.M. (2012). Resilience. Why Things Bounce Back. London: Headline Publishing Group.

Relation:

Przegląd Geograficzny

Volume:

94

Issue:

3

Start page:

279

End page:

305

Detailed Resource Type:

Article

Format:

application/octet-stream

Resource Identifier:

oai:rcin.org.pl:236248 ; doi:10.7163/PrzG.2022.3.1 ; 0033-2143 (print) ; 2300-8466 (on-line) ; 10.7163/PrzG.2022.3.1

Source:

CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, sygn.: Cz.181, Cz.3136, Cz.4187 ; click here to follow the link

Language:

pol

Language of abstract:

eng

Rights:

Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license

Terms of use:

Copyright-protected material. [CC BY 4.0] May be used within the scope specified in Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license, full text available at: ; -

Digitizing institution:

Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Original in:

Central Library of Geography and Environmental Protection. Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization PAS

Projects co-financed by:

Programme Innovative Economy, 2010-2014, Priority Axis 2. R&D infrastructure ; European Union. European Regional Development Fund

Access:

Open