Ecological and cultural importance of juniper ecosystem in the area of Zeravshan valley (Tajikistan) on the background of environmental condition and anthropogenic hazards

Rahmonov, Oimahmad; Rahmonov, Małgorzata; Opała-Owczarek, Magdalena; Owczarek, Piotr; Niedźwiedź, Tadeusz; Myga-Piątek, Urszula

doi:0016-7282

- ris
- BibTeX
- EndNote
- Csv

Ecological and cultural importance of juniper ecosystem in the area of Zeravshan valley (Tajikistan) on the background of environmental condition and anthropogenic hazards Rahmonov, OimahmadRahmonov, MałgorzataOpała-Owczarek, MagdalenaOwczarek, PiotrNiedźwiedź, TadeuszMyga-Piątek, Urszula

Object structure

Ecological and cultural importance of juniper ecosystem in the area of Zeravshan valley (Tajikistan) on the background of environmental condition and anthropogenic hazards

Geographia Polonica Vol. 90 No. 4 (2017)

Rahmonov, Oimahmad ; Rahmonov, Małgorzata ; Opała-Owczarek, Magdalena ; Owczarek, Piotr ; Niedźwiedź, Tadeusz ; Myga-Piątek, Urszula

lasy jałowcowe ; wylesianie ; roślinność górska ; warunki środowiskowe ; Dolina Zeravshan ; Tadżykistan

The study analyses physiogeographical factors of the Zeravshan Range as a basis for environmental and habitat diversity. They provided the background for considering conditions for the functioning of juniper forest ecosystems. The uniqueness of these ecosystems also relies on the longevity of Juniperus seravschanica Kom., J. semiglobosa Regel and J. turkestanica Kom. Physiognomic features of the landscape are conditioned by the habitat, climate, landforms, and recently also by anthropopressure. The ecological, environmental and the cultural importance of juniper trees makes them a distinctive and determinant feature of the landscape. Currently juniper forests across Tajikistan, including those in the Zeravshan Mts., have been significantly disrupted as a result of chaotic, uncontrolled and excessive felling. The purpose of this article is to present natural conditions of juniper forest ecosystems, the impact of anthropogenic changes on their functioning as well as the occurrence of endemic species within them. The cultural importance of juniper in the protection of the surrounding landscape was also analysed.

1. Abdusalâmov I.A. (ed.), 1988. Krasnaâ kniga Tadžiskoj SSR. Dušanbe: Izdatel`stvo Doniš, pp. 163-328.
2. Abrorov H., 2005. Potenciali iktisodi va zahirahoi obii vodii Zarafšon. Dušanbe.
3. Abrorov H., Šermatov N., 2010. Features of the hydrological mode of the river Zerafshan and its big inflows. Vestnik Tadžiskogo Nacional`nogo Universiteta, Seriâ Estestvennyh Nauk, vol. 3, no. 59, pp. 294-301.
4. Benvenisti M., 2000. Sacred landscape. The buried history of the Holy Land since 1948. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
5. BORŜOV I.G., 1865. Materialy dlâ botaničeskoj geografii Aralo-Kaspijskogo kraâ. Priloženie k 7-mu tomu. Zapiski Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk, no. 1.
6. Čukavina A.P., 1984. Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR, vol. VII, Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Nauka.
7. GONČAROV N.F., 1937. Rajony flory Tadžikistana i ih rastitel`nost` [in:] Flora Tadžickoj SSR, vol. V, Moskva-Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Nauka, pp. 7-94.
8. GRIGOR`EV Û.S., 1944. Očerk rastitel`nosti bassejna Srednego Zarafšana. Izdatel'stvo AN SSSR, no. 4, pp. 25-45.
9. Hagedorn F., Mulder J., Jandl R., 2010. Mountain soils under a changing climate and land-use. Biogeochemistry, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9386-9 -
10. ISMAILOV M.I., 1974. A botanical-geographical overview of Junipers (Junipers L.) from the perspective of their origin and evolution [in:] M.I. Ismailov (ed.), Questions of ecology and geography of plants, Dushanbe: Izdatel'stvo Donish, pp. 15-40.
11. ISMAILOV M.I., 1985. Flora bassejna Iskander-dar`i. Akademiâ Nauk Tadžikskoj SSR, Biologičeskaâ otdeleniâ.
12. Ismailov M.I., Darvoziev M., Sadikov H.H., 2010. The ecosystems of juniper of Upper Zeravshan under threat. Vestnik Tadžiskogo Nacional`nogo Universiteta, Seriâ Estestvennyh Nauk, vol. 3, no. 59, pp. 259-262.
13. Ismailov M.I., Darvoziev M., Sadikov H.H., 2010. Phytocoenological classification of Junipers forest. Vestnik Tadžiskogo Nacional`nogo Universiteta, Seriâ Estestvennyh Nauk, vol. 3, no. 59, pp. 247-250.
14. Ismailov M.I., Sadikov H.H, Darvoziev M., 2012. The main features of the vegetation basin Iskander. Vestnik Tadžiskogo Nacional`nogo Universiteta, Seriâ Estestvennyh Nauk, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 167-174.
15. Jansky L., Ives J.D., Furuyashiki K., Watanabe T., 2002. Global mountain research for sustainable development. Global Environmental Change, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 231-239.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00015-8 -
16. Kamelin R.B., 1979. Kuhistanskij okrug gornoj Srednej Azii. Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Nauka.
17. Kinzikaeva G.I., 1988. Flora Tadžickoj SSR, vol. IX, Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Nauka.
18. Kočkareva T.F., 1986. Flora Tadžickoj SSR, vol. VIII, Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Nauka.
19. KONNOV A.A., 1973. Flora archovnikov Šakhristana. Dušanbe: Izdatel'stvo Doniš.
20. KUDRATOV I., 1985. Lišajniki gornogo Zeravšana. Dušanbe: Izdatel'stvo Doniš.
21. Kuteminskij V.Â., 1960. Obŝie zakonomernosti vertikalnoj zonal`nosti i klasifikacii počv Tadžikistana. Doklady počvovedov, agrohimikov i melioratorov k VII meždunarodnomu kongressu počvovedov. Akademiâ Nauk Tadžiskoj SSR.
22. KUTEMINSKIJ V.Â., LEONTY`EVA R.S., 1966. Počvy Tadžikistana. Dušanbe: Izdatel'stvo Irfon.
23. LIPSKIJ V.P., 1902. Flora Srednej Azii, t.e. Russkogo Turkestana i hanstva Buhary i Hevy. Trudy Tiflisskogo botsada, vol. 7, čast`1, no. 1.
24. Micklin P., 2007. The Aral Sea Disaster. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol. 35, pp. 47-72.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140120 -
25. Mittermeier R.A., Gil P.R., Hoffmann M., Pilgrim J., Brooks T., Mittermeier C.G., Lamoreux J., Da Fonseca G.A.B., 2005. Hotspots revisited: Earth`s biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions. Mexico City: Agrupacion Sierra Madre.
26. MUHAMEDŜIN K.D., TALANCEV N.K., 1982. Možževelovye lesa (lesa, redkolesya, zarosli). Moskva: Lesnaâ promyšlennost`.
27. Myga-Piątek U., 2012. Krajobrazy sakralne i religijne – próba umiejscowienia w typologii krajobrazów kulturowych. Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego, vol. 17, pp. 13-23.
28. OVČINNIKOV P.N., 1940. K istorii rastitel`nosti juga Srednej Azii. Sovriemennaya botanika, no. 3, pp. 23-48.
29. Ovčinnikov P.N., 1957. Osnovnye čerty rastitel`nosti i rajony flory Tadžikistana [in:] P.N. Ovčinnikov (ed.), Flora Tadžickoj SSR, vol. I, Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Nauka, pp. 1-15.
30. OVČINNIKOV P.N. (ed.), 1957, 1963, 1968, 1975, 1978, 1981. Flora Tadžickoj SSR, vol. I-VI, Leningrad-Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Nauka.
31. Opała M., Niedźwiedź T., Rahmonov O., 2013. Dendrochronological potential of Ephedra equisetina from Zaravshan Mountains (Tajikistan) in climate change studies. Contemporary Trends in Geoscience, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 48-53.
https://doi.org/10.2478/ctg-2014-0007 -
32. Opała M., Niedźwiedź T., Rahmonov O., Owczarek P., Małarzewski Ł., 2017. Towards improving the Central Asian dendrochronological network – new data from Tajikistan, Pamir-Alay. Dendrochronologia, vol. 41, pp. 10-23.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2016.03.006 -
33. Owczarek P., Opała-Owczarek M., Rahmonov O., Mendecki M., 2017. 100 Years of earthquakes in the Pamir region as recorded in juniper wood: A case study of Tajikistan, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 138, pp. 173-185.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.02.011 -
34. Rahmonov O., Holbegov M., Szczypek T., Snytko V.A., Klys G., Rahmonov M., 2014. The consequences of vegetation degradation under the influence of anthropogenic activity in the territory of the Zarafshan Range (Western Tajikistan). Geography and Natural Resources, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 193-197.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1875372814020127 -
35. RAHMONOV O., MAJGIER L., ANDREJCZUK W., BANASZEK J., KARKOSZ D., PARUSEL T., SZYMCZYK A., 2013. Landscape diversity and biodiversity of Fann Mountains (Tajikistan). Ekologia (Bratislava), vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 388-395.
https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2013-0037 -
36. Rahmonov O., Niedźwiedź T., Opała M., Małarzewski Ł., Owczarek P., 2016. Landscape degradation and its effect on the soil-vegetation relations within juniper forest in the Fann Mountains (Western Pamir-Alay) [in:] L. Halada A. Bača, M. Boltižiar (eds.), Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Landscape Ecology, Nitra, pp. 168-175.
37. Rahmonov O., Rahmonova M., Snytko V.A., Szczypek T., 2011. Anthropogenic disturbance to vegetation on the polygon-transect in the Kulikalon depression (Tajikistan). Geography and Natural Resources, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 386-393.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1875372811040147 -
38. Rahmonov O., Snytko W.A., Szczypek T., Kłys G., 2011. Wpływ antropopresji na roślinność północnej części Gór Fańskich (na przykładzie Kotliny Kulikalońskiej). Acta Geographica Silesiana, vol. 10, pp. 64-73.
39. Rahmonov O., Szczypek T., Niedźwiedź T., Myga-Piątek U., Rahmonov M., Snytko V.A., 2017. The human impact on the transformation of juniper forest landscape in the western part of the PamirAlay range (Tajikistan). Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 324-340.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6643-4 -
40. Rasulova M.R. (ed.), 1991. Flora Tadžikskoj SSR. Vol. X, Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Nauka.
41. SAIDOV M.K., DŽURAEV A., 2011. Osnovnye ékolobiologičeskie osobennosti rastite`nosti kamenistyh osypej zakaznika Iskaderkul` [in:] M.K. Saidov (ed.), Ékologičeskie osobennosti biologičeskogo raznoobraziâ dikoratuŝih piŝevyh rastenij Tadžikistana, Kostanaj, pp. 39-52.
42. Sadikov H., 2012. Arčovniki bassejna reki Iskander (Tadžikistan). Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing.
43. Sadikov H., Darvoziev M., 2011. About woodshrubs communities of the floodplain of the river of Iskender (Tajikistan). Vestnik Tadžiskogo Nacional`nogo Universiteta, Seriâ Estestvennyh Nauk, vol. 6, no. 70, pp. 70-72.
44. Safarov N.M., 2013. Analiz žiznennyh form flory Centralnogo Pamiro-Alaâ. Doklady Akademiâ Nauk Respubliki Tadžikistana, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 643-648.
45. Safarov N.M., 2013. Geografičeskij analiz flory Centralnego Pamiro-Alaâ. Doklady Akademiâ Nauk Respubliki Tadžikistana, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 569-573.
46. SAFAROV N.O., 1974. O fitocenotičeskih osobennostâh bereznâkov v bassejne ozera Iskanderkul`. Tezisy dokladov resp. konf. molod. učen. i spec. TadžSSR, Dušanbe: Doniš, pp. 37-39.
47. SIDORENKO G.T., STRIŽEVA T.G., ČUKAVINA A.G., 1964. Rastitel`nost` bassejna reki Zeravšan. Materialy po proizvoditel`nym silam Tadžikistana, vol. 2, pp. 113-129.
48. STANÛKOVIČ K.V., 1963. Polynnye pustyni Tadžikistana, ih dinamika i vozrastnoj sostav édifikatorov. Duŝanbe: Akademiâ nauk Tadžikskoj SSR.
49. STANÛKOVIČ K.V., 1973. Rastitel`nost` gor SSSR. Duŝanbe: Donish.
50. TROHIMOV A.K., 1968. Prirodnye usloviâ i resursy [in:] Atlas Tadžiskoj SSR. Duŝanbe-Moskva: GUGiK.
51. Vinničenko G.P., Tadžibekov M., 2010. Évolûciâ rel`efa Pamira i Gissaro-Alaâ v fanerozoe. Doklady Akademii Nauk Respubliki Tadžikistan (Geomorfologiâ), vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 879-883.
52. Williams M.W., Konovalov V.G., 2008. Central Asia Temperature and Precipitation Data, 1879-2003. Boulder, Colorado: USA National Snowand Ice Data Center, http://nsidc.org/data/docs/noaa/g02174_central_asia_data/index.html.
53. ZAKIROV R.Z., 1955. Flora i rastitel`nost` bassejna reki Zeravŝan. Čast 1, Taŝkent: Izdatel'stvo Akademiâ Nauk Uzbek SSR.
54. ZAKIROV R.Z., 1961. Flora bassejna reki Zeravŝan. Čast 2, Taŝkent: Izdatel'stvo Akademiâ Nauk Uzbek SSR.
55. Zaprâgaev F.L., 1976. Lesnye resursy Pamiro-Alaâ. Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Nauka.