Population density of earthworms and some elements of their production in several grassland environments

Nowak, Ewa

- ris
- BibTeX
- EndNote
- Csv

Population density of earthworms and some elements of their production in several grassland environments Nowak, Ewa

Object structure

Population density of earthworms and some elements of their production in several grassland environments

Population density and production of earthworms

Nowak, Ewa

Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Ekologii

Polish Scientific Publishers

Warszawa

1975

Pages 459-491 : illustrations ; 24 cm ; Bibiographical references (pages 488-491) ; Abstract in Polish

Journal/Article

earthworms ; population ; ecology ; species composition ; Lumbricidae

The numbers and biomass of earthworms were assessed in five grassland environments differing by the way of their utilization. A comparison of the species composition of the earthworm communities has shown that agricultural activities (mowing, grazing) lead to a decrease in the diversity of the community. There were 9 species present in a reserve meadow and 5 in pastures. The production of the dominant earthworm species, Allolobophora caliginosa Sav., in a grazed pasture (of a low primary production) was about 12 kcal/m2 per year, in a former sheep-fold pasture (with a high primary production) – about 58 kcal/m2 per year, the turnover being 1.3 and 0.9, respectively. The biomass of the entire earthworm community was found to represent from 0.4% of the organic matter returned to the soil in the grazed pasture, to 2.4% in the former sheep-fold pasture.

1. Alejnikova M. M. 1969 - Fauna i landsaftnoe raspredelenie dozdevych cervej v Srednim Povolze -Pedobiologia, 9: 45-54.
2. Andrzejewska L. 1974 - Analysis of a sheep pasture ecosystem in the Pieniny mountains (the Carpathians ). V. Herbivores and their effect on plant production - Ekol. pol. 22: 527-534.
3. Atlavinyte O. P. 1965 - The effect of erosion on the population of earthworms in different crops – Pedobiologia, 5: 178-188.
4. Atlavinyte O. P. 1973 - Pedobiologiceskaja charakteristika pocv Litovskoj SSR - Liet. TSR Mosklu Akad. Darb. C, 1: 93-107.
5. Avel M. 1959 - Classe des Annelides Oligochaetes (Oligochaeta, Huxley 1875) (In: Traite de Zoologie, V)., Paris, 225-462.
6. Axelson B., Gardefors D., Lohm U., Persson T., Tenow O. 1971 - Reliability of estimating standing crop of earthworms by hand-sorting - Pedobiologia, 11: 338-340.
7. Bauev V. K. 1950 - Dozdevye cervi Ivanovskoi Oblasti - Pocvovedenie, 4: 219-227.
8. Barley K. P., Jenings A. C. 1969 - Earthworms and soil fertility. III. The influence of earthworms on the availability of nitrogen - Aust. J. agr. Res. 10: 364-370.
9. Bolton P. J. 1970 - The use of an infra-red gas analyser for studies on the respiratory metabolism of Lumbricidae (In: Proc. of the Paris Symposium. Ed. J. Philipson) - Unesco, 269-274.
10. Bornebusch C. H. 1930 - The fauna of forest soil - Forst. ForsVes. Damn. 11: 1-224.
11. Bouche M. B. 1967 - Establissement et comparison de diverses bioquantites pour trois especes de Lumbricidae (In: Progress in Soil Biology. Eds. O. Graff, J. B. Satchell) - Braunschweig, Amsterdam, Friedr. Vieweg. und Sohn GmbH., 595-601.
12. Bouche M. B. 1971 - Repartition des verse de terre appreciete par le rapport carbone/azote dans les types d'humus en France (In: Organismes du sol et production primaire. IV Colloquium pedobiologiae, Dijon 14-191X 1970) - Institute National de la Recherche agronomique, Paris, 481-495.
13. Boulange M. J. 1968 - Peuplement en Lumbricidae de trois sols caracteristiques de Lorraine, Belge. - C.r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, 267: 287-289.
14. Breymeyer A. 1971 - Productivity investigation of two types of meadows in the Vistula Valley. XIII. Some regularities in structure and function of the ecosystem – Ekol. pol. 19: 249-261.
15. Byzova Ju. B. 1965 - Zavisimost' potreblenija kisloroda ot obraza zizni i razmera tela na primere dozdevych cervej (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta) - Z. obsc. Biol. 26: 555-562.
16. Czemerda A. 1966 - Charakterystyka ekstremalnych temperatur powietrza w Jaworkach koło Szczawnicy - Roczn. Nauk roln. D, 118: 125-134.
17. Czerwiński Z. 1971 - Productivity investigation of two types of meadows in the Vistula Valley. II. Soil conditions - Ekol. pol. 19: 107-119.
18. Czerwiński Z., Jakubczyk H., Nowak E. 1974 - Analysis of a sheep pasture ecosystem in the Pieniny mountains (the Carpathians ). XII. The effect of earthworms on the pasture soil - Ekol. pol. 22: 635-650.
19. Czerwiński Z., Jakubczyk H., Nowak E. (in press) - Earthworms activity in some meadows and arable soils - Pol. Journ. Soil. Sci.
20. Czerwiński Z., Jakubczyk H., Tatur A., Traczyk T. 1974 - Analysis of a sheep pasture ecosystem in the Pieniny mountains (the Carpathians). VII. The effect of penning-up sheep on soil, microflora and vegetation - Ekol. pol. 22: 547-558.
21. Czerwiński Z., Tatur A. 1974 - Analysis of a sheep pasture ecosystem in the Pieniny mountains (the Carpathians ). II. The soil-geological conditions - Ekol. pol. 22: 487-504.
22. Drift J., van der 1951 - Analysis of the animal community in a beech forest floor - Tijdschr. Ent. 94: 1-168.
23. Edwards C. A., Lofty J. R. 1972 - Biology of earthworms - Chapmen and Hall Ltd., London, 283 pp.
24. El Duweini A.K., Ghabour S. I. 1971 - Nitrogen contribution by live earthorms to the soil (In: Organismes du sol et production primaire. IV Colloquium pedobiologiae Dijon 14-19 IX 1970) - Institute National de la Recherche agronomique, Paris, 495-501.
25. Evans A. C., Guild W. J. Mcl. 1948a - Studies on the relationships between earthworms and soil fertility. IV. On life cycles of some British Lumbricidae - Ann. appl. Biol. 35: 471-484.
26. Evans A. C., Guild W. J. Mcl. 1948b - Studies on the relationships between earthworms and soil fertility. V. Field populations - Ann. appl. Biol. 35: 485-493.
27. French C. E., Liscinsky S. A., Miller D. R. 1957 - Nutrient composition of earthworms - J. Wildl. Mgmt, 21: 348.
28. Gerard B. M. 1967 - Factors affecting earthworms in pastures - J. Anim. Ecol. 36: 235-252.
29. Graff O. 1971 - Stickstoff, Phosphor und Kalium in der Regenwurmlosung auf der Wiesenversuchsflache des Solingprojects (In: Organismes du sol et production primaire. IV. Colloquium pedobiologiae, Dijon 14-19 IX 1970) - Institute National de la Recherche agronomique, Paris, 503-511.
30. Harmsen G., Schreven D., van 1955 - Mineralisation or organic nitrogen in soil - Adv. Agron. 7: 299-398.
31. Hopp H. 1947 - The ecology of earthworms in cropland - Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 12: 503-507.
32. Jakubczyk H. 1971 - Productivity investigation of two types of meadows in the Vistula Valley. IV. Decomposition rate of organic matter and microbiological activity - Ekol. pol. 19: 121-128.
33. Jakubczyk H. 1974 - Analysis of a sheep pasture ecosystem in the Pieniny mountains (the Carpathians ). IX. Decomposition processes and development of microflora in the soil - Ekol. pol. 22: 569-588.
34. Jopkiewicz K. 1972 - Zagęszczenie i przepływ energii przez populacje dżdżownic - Zesz. nauk. IE PAN, 5: 227-236.
35. Kajak A. 1974 - Analysis of a sheep pasture ecosystem in the Pieniny mountains (the Carpathians). XVII. Analysis of the transfer of carbon – Ekol. pol. 22: 711-732.
36. Kalinowska A. (in press) - The analysis of the IBP summary sheets - Polish Ecological Studies.
37. Kochev Kh., Traczyk T. 1974 - Analysis of a sheep pasture ecosystem in the Pieniny mountains (the Carpathians). III. Primary production of Lolio-Cynosuretum association - Ekol. pol. 22: 505-516.
38. Kozlovskaja L. S. 1965 - Vlijanie bezpozvonocnych zivotnych na aktivizaciju azota, fosfora i kalia v torfianych pocvach (In: Osobennosti bolotoobrazovanija v nekotorych lesnych i predgornych rajonach Sibiri i Dalnego Vostoka) - Izd. Nauka, Moskva, 165-182.
39. Kozlovskaja L. S., Zdannikova E. N. 1961 - Sovmenstnaja dejatelnost' dozdevych cervej i mikroflory v lesnych pocvach - Dokl. AN SSSR, 129: 470-473.
40. Lakhani K. H., Satcnell J. P., 1970 - Production by Lumbricus terrestris (L.) - J. Ann. Ecol. 39: 473-492.
41. Lavelle P. 1971a - Recherches ecologiques dans la savane de Lamto: Production annuelle d'un ver de terre Milsonia anomala Omodeo - Terre Vie, 2: 240-254.
42. Lavelle P. 1971b - Recherches sur la demographie d'un ver de terre d'Afrique; Milsonia anomala Omodeo - Bull. Soc. Ecol. 2: 302-312.
43. Nakamura Y. 1968 - Studies on the ecology of terrestris Oligochaetae. 1. Seasonal variation in the population density of earthworms in alluvial soil grassland in Sapporo - Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool. 3: 89-95.
44. Nowak E. 1971 - Productivity investigation of two types of meadows in the Vistula Valley. IV. Soil macrofauna - Ekol. pol. 19: 129-137.
45. O'Connor E. B. 1967 - The Enchytraeidae (In: Soil Biology. Eds. A. Burges, F. Raw) - Academic Press, London-New York, 121-257.
46. Odum E. P. 1971 - Fundamentals of Ecology - Saunders Co., Philadelphia, London, Toronto, 574 pp.
47. Olechowicz E. 1974 - Analysis of a sheep pasture ecosystem in the Pieniny mountains (the Carpathians). X. Sheep dung and the fauna colonizing it - Ekol. pol. 22: 589-616.
48. Petrusewicz K., Macfadyen A. 1970 - Productivity of terrestrial animals. Principles and methods - Blackwell Sc. Publ., Oxford, Edinburg, 190 pp.
49. Plewczyńska-Kuraś U. 1974 - Analysis of a sheep pasture ecosystem in the Pieniny mountains (the Carpathians). IV. Biomass of the upper and underground parts of plants and of organic detritus - Ekol. pol. 22: 517-526.
50. Raw F. 1959 - Estimating erthworm populations by using formalin - Nature, 184: 1661.
51. Rhee J. A. 1967 - Development of earthworm populations in orchard soils (In: Progress in Soil Biology. Eds. O. Graff, J. E. Satchell) - Friedr. Vieweg. und Sohn GmbH., Braunschweig, Amsterdam: 360-371.
52. Ryszkowski L. 1972 - Ocena mineralizacji materii organicznej gleby - Zesz. nauk. IE PAN, 5: 155-165.
53. Satchell J .E. 1955 - Some aspects of earthworms ecology (In: Soil Zoology. Ed. D. K. Mc. E. Kevan) - Butterworths, London, 180-201.
54. Satchell J. E. 1967 - Lumbricidae (In: Soil Biology. Eds. A. Burges, F. Raw) - Academic Press, London, 259-322.
55. Satchell J. E. 1969 - Studies on methodical and taxonomical questions - Pedobiologia, 9: 20-25.
56. Satchell J. E. 1971 - Earthworms (In: Methods of study in quantitative soil ecology: population, production and energy flow. Ed. J. Phillipson) - Black well Scientific Publications, 18: 107-127.
57. Tischler W. 1955 - Synokologie der Landtiere - Stuttgart, 414 pp.
58. Traczyk T. 1968 - Studies on the primary production in meadow community - Ekol. pol. A, 16: 59-100.
59. Traczyk T. 1971 - Productivity investigation of two types of meadows in the Vistula Valley. II. Geobotanical description and primary production - Ekol. pol. 19: 93-106.
60. Valjachmedov B. 1969 - Dozdevye cervi v osnovnych tipach pocv pojasa serozemov i koricnevych pocv Tadzykistana - Pedobiologia, 9: 69-76.
61. Vinberg G. G., Pecen T. A., Suskina E. A. 1965 - Produkcija planktonnych rakoobraznych v trech ozerach raznogo tipa - Zool. Z. 49: 676-687.
62. Waters R. A. S. 1955 - Numbers and weights of earthworms under a highly productive pasture - N. Z. Jl. Sci. Technol. A, 36: 516-525.
63. Zajonc I. 1970 - Dynamique saisoniere des synusies de lombrices (Lumbricidae) vivant dans les praires Slovaquie meridionale, action des engrais azotes sur la composition de celles-ci - Pedobiologia, 19: 286-304.
64. Zajonc I. 1971a - La distribution quantitative des lombrices (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta) dans les grands types mondieux d'ecosystems forestries (In: Productivity of forest ecosystems. Ed. P. Duvigneaud) - Unesco, Paris, 453-462.
65. Zajonc I. 1971b - Participation des lombrices (Lumbricidae) dans la liberation des elements mineraux des feuilles mortes d'une forest de hetres et de chenes (In: Organismes du sol et production primarie. IV. Colloquium pedobiologiae, Dijon 14-19 IX 1970) - Institute National de la Recherche agronomique, Paris, 387-397.
66. Zicsi A. 1969 - Uber die Auswirkung der Nachfrucht und Boden Arbeitung auf die Aktivitat der Regenwurmer - Pedobiologia, 9: 141-146.