The role of creative economy in the realization of a creative city: A case study of the city of Meybod in Yazd Province, Iran

Bagheri Kashkouli, Ali; Zarabi, Asghar; Mousavi, Mir Najaf

doi:0016-7282 (print)

- ris
- BibTeX
- EndNote
- Csv

The role of creative economy in the realization of a creative city: A case study of the city of Meybod in Yazd Province, Iran Bagheri Kashkouli, AliZarabi, AsgharMousavi, Mir Najaf

Object structure

The role of creative economy in the realization of a creative city: A case study of the city of Meybod in Yazd Province, Iran

Geographia Polonica Vol. 91 No. 3 (2018)

Bagheri Kashkouli, Ali : Autor ; Zarabi, Asghar : Autor ; Mousavi, Mir Najaf : Autor

economic components ; creative industries ; creative city ; small cities ; Meybod ; Yazd Province ; Iran

In a society, cities are the centers of human interactions, creativity, knowledge, diversity, culture, commerce and economic creativity. Owing to the importance of innovation, knowledge acquisition, and the increased recognition by the government in Iran, many cities have developed strategies and implemented programs to improve their ‘innovative milieus’ and to attract ‘creative people’ in creative industries in order to aid the restructuring and growth of their economy. This paper is a case study serving as a contribution to the current research in the field of small cities, with a focus on the city of Meybod, Yazd. The research examines the factors affecting the attraction and retention of creative people and creative businesses in Meybod, based on the data collected from the Statistical Center of Iran, the management and planning organization of Yazd province, government reports, and key informant interviews. The findings reveal that the attraction of creative people and creative businesses is a complex process. Affordability and livability turned out as the primary drivers of attraction, supported by specific qualities of community and place. Small regional cities exhibit unique inherent characteristics that can attract creative people. It is a key task for governments to leverage such characteristics in their policy making

1. Acs Z.J., Desai S., Hessels J., 2008. Entrepreneurship, economic development and institutions. Small Business Economics, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 219-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9135-9
2. Andersen K.V., Buuge M.M., Hansen H.K., Isaksen A., Raunio M., 2010. One size fits all? Applying the creative class thesis onto a nordic context. European Planning Studies, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1591-1609.
3. Andersen K.V., Lorenzen M., 2005. The Geography of the Danish creative class: A mapping and analysis. Copenhagen: Imagine – Creative Industries Research, Copenhagen Business School Press.
4. Andrew B., Sun Sh.H., 2013. Growth of the creative economy in small regional cities: A case study of Bendigo [in:] Proceedings of the State of Australian Cities Conference, 29 November, Australian: Sydney Environment Institute, pp. 1-12.
5. Askerud P., 2007. Creative industries and urban development: Context and goals [in:] Proceedings of the HKIP & UPSC Conference: When Creative Industries Crossover with Cities, 2-3 April, Hong Kong: Institute of Planners (HKIP), Urban Planning Society of China (UPSC), pp. 69-83.
6. Azevedo M., Barbosa A., 2014. The creative industries as an integrated factor in a sustainable model for Macao's economic development. Creative Industries Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 121-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2014.962931
7. Bakhshi H., Windsor G., 2015. The creative economy and the future of employment. London: Nesta, https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/the_creative economy and the future of employment.pdf. [15 May 2018].
8. Baycan-Levent T., 2010. Diversity and creativity as seedbeds for urban and regional dynamics. European Planning Studies, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 565-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654311003593663
9. Chang T.C., 2000. Renaissance revisited: Singapore as a global city for the arts. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 818-831. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00280
10. Cooke P., Lazeretti L. (eds.), 2008. Creative cities, cultural clusters and local economic Development. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
11. Cunningham S., 2002. From cultural to creative industries: Theory, industry, and policy implications. Media International Australia, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 1-174.
12. Deffner A., Vlachopoulou C., 2011. Creative city: A new challenge of strategic urban planning? [in:] Proceedings of the ERSA conference, European Regional Science Association, https://ideas.repec.org [15 May 2018], pp. 1-14.
13. EESC, 2003. European Economic and Social Committee. www.eesc.europa.eu [10 May 2018].
14. Evans G., 2009. Creative cities, creative spaces and urban policy. Urban Studies, vol. 46, no. 5-6, pp. 1003-1040. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009103853
15. Fleming T., Norden D., 2007. A creative economy green paper for the Nordic region. Norway: Nordic Innovation Center, http://www.nordicinnovation.org [5 May 2018], pp. 1-68.
16. Florida R., 1995. Towards the learning region. Futures, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 527- 536. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(95)00021-N
17. Florida R., 2002. The rise of the creative class. Cambridge, MA, USA: Basic Books.
18. Florida R., 2002. The economic Geography of talent. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 743-755. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.00314
20. Foord J., 2008. Strategies for creative industries: An international review. Creative Industries Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 91-113. https://doi.org/10.1386/cij.1.2.91_1
21. Girard L.F., 2013. Toward a smart sustainable development of port cities/areas: The role of the "Historic Urban Landscape" approach. Sustainability, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 4329- 4348. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104329
22. Hall P., 2000. Creative cities and economic development. Urban Studies, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 639-649. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980050003946
23. Hansen H.K., Niedomsyl T., 2009. Migration of the creative class: Evidence from Sweden. Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 191- 206. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn046
24. Higgs P., Cunningham S., Pagan J., 2007. Australia's creative economy: Definitions of the segments and sectors. Brisbane: ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries & Innovation, http://eprints.qut.edu.au/8242/1/8242.pdf [5 May 2018].
25. HKTDC, 2002. Creative Industries in Hong Kong. Economic Forum, Hong Kong Trade Development Council, www.tdctrade.com/econforum/tdc (15 June 2018).
26. Jing Y., Rong Z., 2007. Shanghai Expo, creating the city culture map and brand – Thoughts on cultural drive for city development and Expo planning [in:] Proceedings of the HKIP & UPSC Conference: When Creative Industries Crossover with Cities, 2-3 April, Hong Kong: Institute of Planners (HKIP), Urban Planning Society of China (UPSC), pp. 249-263.
27. KEA, 2006. The economy of culture in Europe. Study prepared for the European Commission, Turku school of economics.
28. Landry C., 2000. The creative city: A toolkit for urban innovators. London: Earthscan Publications.
29. Landry C., 2011. A roadmap for the creative city [in:] D.A. Andersson, A.E. Andersson, C. Mellander (eds.), Handbook of Creative Cities, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 517-536.
30. Lorenzen M., Andersen K.V., 2011. Different creative cities: Exploring Danish data to adapt the creative class argument to small welfare economies. Creative Industries Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 123- 136.
31. Management and Planning Organization of Yazd Province, 2016. Statistical Yearbook, https://yazd.mporg.ir/Por tal/View/Page. aspx? PageId=92ea2858-3477-415c-9812-e6f4b3e47802 [15 May 2018].
32. Markusen A., 2006. Urban development and the politics of a creative class: Evidence from a study of artists. Environment and Planning A, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1921-1940. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38179
33. MEA, 2006. Our creative potential: Paper on culture and economy. Netherlands: Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, http://citeseerx.ist.psu. edu/viewdoc/download? doi=10.1.1.115.8536&rep=rep1&type=pdf [27 June 2018].
34. Musterd S., Bontje M., Chapain C., Kovacs Z., Murie A., 2007. Accommodating creative knowledge: A literature review from a European perspective. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Metropolitan and International Development Studies (AMIDSt).
35. Niedomysl T., Hansen H.K., 2010. What matters more for the decision to move: Jobs versus amenities. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1636-1649. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42432
36. Nouri H.E., Hosseini A.S., Khademi H., 2009. The role of small cities in the equilibration of rural settlement system of Yazd province. Geography and Development, vol. 7, no. 13, pp. 61- 77.
37. O'Hare D., 2011. The development of knowledge nodes and health hubs as key structuring elements of the sustainable city region [in:] Proceedings of the 17th Annual Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference, 16-19 January, Australia: Pacific Rim Real Estate Society, pp. 1-11.
38. Peck J., 2005. Struggling with the creative class. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 740-770. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00620.x
39. Porter M.E., Stern S., 2001. Innovation: Location matters. MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 28-36.
40. Qazimi S.H., 2014. Sense of place and place identity. European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 306-310. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p306-310
41. Sassen S., 2001. The global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400847488
42. Selada C., da Cunha I.V., Tomaz E., 2011. Creative-based strategies in small cities: A case-study approach. Redige, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 79-111.
43. Sepe M., 2017. Placemaking, livability and public spaces. Achieving sustainability through happy places. The Journal of Public Space, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 63-76. https://doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i4.141
44. Sharp J., Pollock V., Paddison R., 2005. Just art for a just city: Public art and social inclusion in urban regeneration. Urban Studies, vol. 45, nos. 5-6, pp. 1001- 1023. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980500106963
45. Statistical Center of Iran, 2016. Population and housing Census of Yazd Province. Statistical Center of Iran Press, https://www.amar.org.ir. [20 March 2018].
46. Storper M., Scott A.J., 2009. Rethinking human capital, creativity and urban growth. Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn052
47. Törnqvist G., 1983. Creativity and the renewal of regional life [in:] A. Buttimer (ed.), Creativity and context: A seminar report, Lund Studies in Geography: Series B. Human Geography, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 91-112.
48. UNCTAD, 2004. Creative industries and development. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Washington, DC: UN, [typescript].
49. UNCTAD, 2008. Creative economy: Report 2008. The challenge of assessing the creative economy: Towards informed policy-making. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Washington, DC: UN, http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/ditc20082cer_en.pdf [15 May 2018].
50. United Nations, 2015. Creative economy outlook and country profiles: Trends in international trade in creative industries. United Nations Conference on trade and development UNCTAD, New York: United Nations, http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/webditcted2016d5_en.pdf [27 June 2018].
51. Verdich M., 2010. Creative migration? The attraction and retention of the 'creative class' in Launceston, Tasmania. Australian Geographer, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 129-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049180903535642
52. Waitt G., Gibson C., 2009. Creative small cities: Rethinking the creative economy in place. Urban Studies, vol. 46, nos. 5-6, pp. 1223-1246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009103862
53. World Economic Forum, 2016. The Fourth Industrial Revolution: What it means, how to respond. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-meansand-how-to-respond [25 May 2018].
54. Wu W., 2005. Dynamic cities and creative clusters. School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3509
55. UNESCO, https://whc.unesco.org.
56. Yang J., Černevičiūtė J., 2017. Cultural and creative industries (CCI) and sustainable development: China's cultural industries clusters. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 231-242. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2017.5.2(6)
57. Xu Y., Chen X., 2007. A study on creative industries in Yangtze River [in:] Proceedings of the HKIP & UPSC Conference: When Creative Industries Crossover with Cities, 2-3 April, Hong Kong: Institute of Planners (HKIP), Urban Planning Society of China (UPSC), pp. 37-49.
58. Yip S., 2007. Creative industries strategy for cities: What planning can do (and cannot do) [in:] Proceedings of the HKIP & UPSC Conference: When Creative Industries Crossover with Cities, 2-3 April, Hong Kong: Institute of Planners (HKIP), Urban Planning Society of China (UPSC), pp. 115-127.
59. Zarabi A., Mousavi M.N., 2009. Investigating the functioning of small towns in urban and regional development. Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 1-18.
60. Zarabi A., Mousavi M.N., Bagheri Kashkooli A., 2014. A comparison between indicators of sustainable urban development and criteria of a creative city (Case study: Cities of Yazd Province). Journal of Geography and Urban Space Development, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-17.