Environmental changes, rural out-migration and social dynamics in Himalayas

Tiwari, Prakash C.; Joshi, Bhagwati

doi:1642-4689

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Environmental changes, rural out-migration and social dynamics in Himalayas Tiwari, Prakash C.Joshi, Bhagwati

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Environmental changes, rural out-migration and social dynamics in Himalayas

Local development in urban and rural space: project and planning ; Studia Obszarów Wiejskich = Rural Studies, t. 38

Tiwari, Prakash C. ; Joshi, Bhagwati

primary resource developers ; ecosystem services ; climate change ; food and livelihood security ; sanitation and health ; sustainable development ; India ; Himalaya

The paper aims at interpreting inter-linkages between environmental changes and rural out-migration and at assessing their impacts on quality of life of rural women with a case illustration of Upper Kosi Catchment, Uttarakhand Himalayas, India. The results indicate that the availability of water, fuel-wood and fodder decreased, agricultural production declined and livelihood opportunities were reduced mainly due to depletion of natural resources. Consequently, the male out-migration increased by 15% during 1981–2011. This increased workload of women by 25%, more than 40% women are under severe threat of a variety of health risks generated mainly due to excess work-load, under-nourishment and lack of hygiene and sanitation.

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