“New Psychiatry” and Traditional Healing in Kyrgyzstan: Attempts to Develop Culturally Sensitive and Community-Based Treatment

Penkala-Gawęcka, Danuta

doi:0137-4079

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“New Psychiatry” and Traditional Healing in Kyrgyzstan: Attempts to Develop Culturally Sensitive and Community-Based Treatment Penkala-Gawęcka, Danuta

Struktura obiektu

“New Psychiatry” and Traditional Healing in Kyrgyzstan: Attempts to Develop Culturally Sensitive and Community-Based Treatment

Ethnologia Polona 40 (2019)

Penkala-Gawęcka, Danuta

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences

etnologia -- czasopisma

System opieki zdrowotnej w postsowieckich krajach Azji Środkowej, a w szczególności system pomocy psychiatrycznej, zachował wiele cech medycyny sowieckiej. Reformy systemu medycznego, prowadzone na szeroką skalę od połowy lat 90. ubiegłego wieku w Republice Kirgiskiej, w niewielkim stopniu objęły sektor zdrowia psychicznego. Wobec poważnych niedostatków systemu, takich jak nadmierna instytucjonalizacja opieki psychiatrycznej i brak odpowiedniego finansowania, grupa miejscowych psychiatrów, świadomych standardów współczesnej psychiatrii, zaczęła promować i wprowadzać w życie idee kulturowo wrażliwej i opartej na współpracy społeczności opieki nad chorymi psychicznie. Dostrzegli zjawisko wielkiej popularności tradycyjnych uzdrowicieli i ich rolę w lokalnych społecznościach, której podstawą jest podzielana z pacjentami wizja świata, a także znajomość wartości i norm życia społecznego. Ponadto przyznali, że praktyki uzdrowicieli mogą być skuteczne w przypadku niepsychotycznych zaburzeń psychicznych, a także podjęli pewne formy współpracy z kirgiskimi uzdrowicielami, szczególnie w sytuacjach kryzysowych. W niniejszym artykule, opartym na publikacjach tej grupy psychiatrów oraz własnych badaniach terenowych prowadzonych w Biszkeku w latach 2011–2013, rozważam te osiągnięcia i pokazuję, w jaki sposób promowane w skali globalnej idee i dyrektywy współczesnej psychiatrii adaptowane są do lokalnych uwarunkowań.

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