Metadata language
Metody pomiaru zagęszczenia populacji roślin wyższych
Subtitle:Methods for measuring the population density of higher plants ; Metody pomiaru zagęszczenia roślin wyższych
Creator:Kwiatkowska, Anna Justyna ; Symonides, Ewa
Contributor:Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Ekologii
Publisher: Place of publishing: Date issued/created: Description:Pages 127-143 ; 24 cm ; Bibliographical references (pages 141-143) ; Abstract in English
Type of object: Subject and Keywords:population ; higher plants ; Telomophyta ; Cormophyta ; Embryophyta
Abstract:The methods for measuring the density of the population of higher plants are described and discussed. These methods can be divided into two main groups: surface and unsurface.Surface methods are based on the estimate of the number of individuals per a unit of sample plot. The measuring result depends first of all on the size of this plat (Fig. 1) and the number of repeats, to a lesser extent on its shape (Table I).The distance between a determined point and an individual of the population is the basis of unsurface methods: the closest individual method, the nearest neighbour method, random pairs method, point-centered quarter method, wander- ing quarter method (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). The number of repeats and the distance between points affect mainly the results.Both in surface and unsurface methods there are (according to the purpose and object of investigations) four sampling plans: random, ‘ systematic, random- -systematic and systematic-random.The principal condition for the representative character of the sample, independently of the method, is an appropriate number of repeats. The sample size, the size of sample plot (in surface methods) or the distance between points (in unsurface methods), the date and frequency of sampling (Fig. 4) should be empirically determined for a given object using the method of initial small sample.
References:
Aulak W. 1976 — Rozwój i produkcja runa w zespole Tilio-Carpinetum Tracz. 1962 jako jednego z elementów podstawowego poziomu troficznego w ekosystemach leśnych — Zesz. nauk. Szk. głów. Gosp. wiejsk. 60: 1—151.
Catana A. J. 1963 — The wandering quarter method of estimating population density — Ecology, 44: 741—757.
Chojnacki J. 1974 — Problem reprezentatywności strukturalnej w badaniach nad produkcją runa fitocenozy leśnej — Phytocoenosis, 3: 43—69.
Clark P. J.,. Evans F. C. 1954 — Distance to nearest neighbour as a measure of spatial relationships in populations — Ecology, 35: 445—453.
Cottam G., Curtis J. T. 1949 — A method far making rapid surveys of woodlands by means of pairs of randomly selected trees — Ecology, 30: 271—287.
Cottam G., Curtis J. T. 1956 — The use of distance measures in phytosociological sampling — Ecology, 37: 451—460.
Cottam G., Curtis J. T., Hale B. W. 1953 — Some sampling characteristics of a population of randomly dispersed individuals — Eoology, 34: 741—747.
Dice L. R. 1952 — Measure of the spacing between individuals within population — Contr. Lab. vertebr. Biol. Univ. Mich. 55: 1—23.
Dix L. R. 1961 — An application of the point-centered quarter method to the sampling of grassland vegetation — J. Range Mgmt 14.
Dyne G. M., Vogel W. G., Fisser H. G. 1963 — Influence of small plot size and sharpe on range herbage production estimates — Ecology, 44: 746—759.
Evans F. C. 1952 — The influence of size of quadrat on the distributional patterns of plant populations — Contr. Lab. vertebr. Biol. Univ. Mich. 54: 1—15.
Falińska K. 1974 — Reakcja populacji roślinnych na zróżnicowanie ekosystemów oraz układów ekotonowych — Wiad. ekol. 20: 356—376.
Falińska K. 1977 — Strategia i taktyka reprodukcyjna populacji roślinnych — Wiad. ekol. 23: 229—257.
Greig-Smith P. 1952 — The use of random and contiguous quadrats in the study of structure of plant communities — Ann. Bot. 16: 293—316.
Greig-Smith P., Kershaw K. A. 1958 — The significance of pattern in vegetation — Vegetatio, 8: 189—492.
Harper J. L. 1967 — A Darvinian approach to plant ecology — J. Ecol. 55: 247—270.
Harper J. L., McNaughton I. H. 1962 — The comparative biology of closely related species living in the same area. VII. Interference between individuals in pure and mixed populations of Papaver species — New Phytol. 61: 175—188.
Harper J. L., White J. 1970 — The dynamics of plant populations — Proc. Adv. Study Inst. Dynamics Numbers Popul. (Oosterbeek, 1970): 41—63.
Kershaw K. A. 1964 — Quantitative and dynamic ecology — Edward Arnold, London, ss. 183.
Knapp R. 1954 — Experimentelle Soziologie der hoheren Pflanzen — E. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart (Ludwigsiburg), ss. 202.
Kwiatkowska A. J. 1972 — Analiza homogeniczności runa fitocenozy przy zastosowaniu nieparametrycznego testu serii — Phytocoenosis, 1: 5—37.
Kwiatkowska A. J., Dudziec J. 1974 — Zmienność przestrzenna stanu biomasy części nadziemnej runa w rezerwacie Grabowy w Puszczy Kampinoskiej — Phytocoenosis, 3: 17—43.
Lieth H. 1960 — Patterns of change within grassland communities (W: The biology of weeds. Red. J. L. Harper) — Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, 27—29.
Mathews C. P., Westlake D. F. 1969 — Estimation of production by populations of higher plants subject to high mortality — Oikos, 20: 1956—1960.
Matuszkiewicz J. 1972 — Analiza zmienności przestrzennej runa w strefie kontaktowej dwu fitocenoz — Phytocoenosis, 2: 121—149.
Morisita M. 1959 — Measuring the dispersion of individuals and analysis of the distributional pattern — Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ. E 2: 215—235.
Odum E. P. 1977 — Podstawy ekologii — PWRiL, Warszawa, ss. 678.
Oktaba W. 1966 — Elementy statystyki matematycznej i metodyka doświadczalnictwa — PWN, Warszawa, ss. 310.
Palmblad I. G. 1968 — Competition in experimental populations of weeds with emphasis on the regulation of population size — Ecology, 49: 26—34.
Petrusewicz K. 1965 — Dynamika liczebności, organizacja i struktura ekologiczna populacji — Ekol. pol. B, 11: 299—316.
Pielou E. C. 1957 — The effect of quadrat size on the estimation of the parametres of Neyman’s and Thomas’s distributions — J. Ecol. 45: 31—47.
Putwain P. D., Harper J. L. 1970 — Studies in the dynamics of plant populations. III. The influence of associated species on papulations of Rumex acetosa L. and Rumex acetosella L. in grassland — J. Ecol. 58: 251—264.
Rabotnov T. A. 1945 — Biologićeskie nabludenija na subalpinskich ługach Severnogo Kavkaza — Bot. Z. 30: 167—177.
Rabotnov T. A. 1950 — Żiznennyj cikl mnogoletnich travjanstich rastenid v lugovych cenozach — Trudy bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR (Geobotamika), 3: 7—204.
Sadowski W. 1969 — Statystyka matematyczna — PWE, Warszawa, ss. 269.
Salisbury E. J. 1942 — The reproductive capacity of plant. Studies in quantitative biology — G. Bell and Sons LTD., London, ss. 244.
Smirnova O. V. 1968 — Cislennost i vozrastnoii sostav populacji nekotorych komponentov travjanogo pokrova dubrav (W: Voprosy morfogeneza cvetkovych rastenii i strojenija ich populacii. Red. A. A. Uranov) — Nauka, Moskva, 155—182.
Sukacev V. 1941 — Uber den Einfluss der Intensitat des Kampfes ums Dasein zwischen den Pflanzen auf deren Entwicklung — Dopov. Akad. Nauk USSR, 30: 757—760.
Symonides E. 1974a — Populations of Spergula vernalis Willd. on dunes in the Toruń Basin — Ekol. pol. 22: 379—416.
Symonides E. 1974b — Morphological variability of Spergula vernalis Willd from different dune biotopes of the Toruń Basin — Ekol. pol. 22: 417—440.
Symonides E. 1977 — Mortality of seedlings in natural psammophyte populations — Ekol. pol. 25: 635—651.
Symonides E. 1978 — Effect of population density on the phenological development of individuals of annual plant species — Ekol. pol. 26 (w druku).
Traczyk T. 1960 — Badania nad strefą przejścia zbiorowisk leśnych — Ekol. pol. A, 8: 85—425.
Traczyk T. 1967 — Propozycja nowego sposobu oceny produkcji runa — Ekol. pol. B, 13: 241—247.
Trojan P. 1976 — Ekologia ogólna — PWN, Warszawa, ss. 419.
Villee C. A. 1976 — Biologia — PWRiL, Warszawa, ss. 1173.
White J., Harper J. L. 1970 — Correlated changes in plant size and number in plant populations — J. Ecol. 58: 467—485.
Wilkoń-Micha1ska J. 1976 — Struktura i dynamika populacji Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve — Rozpr. Uniw. Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń, ss. 156.
Zarzycki K. 1965 — Obecny stan badań nad konkurencją (współzawodnictwem) roślin wyższych. I — Ekol. pol. B, 11: 107—123.
MiIZ PAN, call no. P.3259 ; click here to follow the link
Language: Language of abstract: Rights:Creative Commons Attribution BY 3.0 PL license
Terms of use:Copyright-protected material. [CC BY 3.0 PL] May be used within the scope specified in Creative Commons Attribution BY 3.0 PL license, full text available at: ; -
Digitizing institution:Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Original in:Library of the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Projects co-financed by: Access: