@misc{Jęda_Waldemar_Paweł_A_2003, author={Jęda, Waldemar Paweł and Jonas, Matthias and Nahorski, Zbigniew (1945– )}, copyright={Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license}, journal={Raport Badawczy = Research Report}, address={Warszawa}, howpublished={online}, year={2003}, publisher={Instytut Badań Systemowych. Polska Akademia Nauk}, publisher={Systems Research Institute. Polish Academy of Sciences}, language={eng}, abstract={The paper addresses the problem of uncertainty and errors in the greenhouse gas emissions, reported by the Annex I parties to the Kyoto Protocol. It aims at estimating the standard deviations of the accounting errors in the greenhouse gas emissions, as well as, at providing estimates of real emissions, which could be used in testing fulfilment of the Kyoto obligations. The signal processing methods i.e. the smoothing splines and the parametric model, with a time-varying parameter, are proposed. The results of their application to the real data on greenhouse gas emissions are presented, along with the detailed comparison of these methods, and the analysis for the emission data for Annex I parties.}, type={Text}, title={A method for modeling a non-stationary system. Greenhouse gas emission case.}, URL={http://rcin.org.pl./Content/109503/PDF/RB-2003-31.pdf}, keywords={Greenhouse gases emission, Kyoto protocol, Uncertainty, Smoothing splines, Variable parameter model}, }